UNIT 2 Flashcards
the choices people make and the strategies or tools they use in the process of communication.
Communication style
A style may sometimes depend on the _____ of the communicative situation, as well as on the ____ and ____ of the target recipients of the information.
demands
needs and requirements
Each style has two
dimensions:
(1) assertiveness level
(2) emotiveness level
Composes of Direct, Spirited, Systematic, and Considerate
Communication Styles Matrix
Who created Communication Styles Matrix?
Dr. Eileen Russo
High Expressiveness + High Assertiveness
Spirited
High Expressiveness + Low Assertiveness
Considerate
Low Expressiveness + High Assertiveness
Direct
Low Expressiveness + Low Assertiveness
Systematic
- Respect decisions and agenda that have been agreed
upon, as well as time limits during meetings or any
communicative situation.
Tips for People with a
Spirited Communication Style
- Try to limit your sharing of personal anecdotes that
may take the discussion off topic.
Tips for People with a
Spirited Communication Style
- Make sure you are allowing others to contribute their
ideas and suggestions - and that you are genuinely
listening to them.
Tips for People with a
Spirited Communication Style
- Be certain that any request you make is clear
and that you convey the reason for such request.
Tips for People with a
Spirited Communication Style
- Communicate your appreciation for others’
work and input.
Tips for People with a
Spirited Communication Style
- Recognize that other people’s opinions about a topic
are separate from their opinions about you.
Tips for People with a
Considerate Communication Style
- Realize that not everyone is comfortable discussing
personal topics with colleagues.
Tips for People with a
Considerate Communication Style
- Allow others to open personal matters before asking
questions of that nature.
Tips for People with a
Considerate Communication Style
- Respect your own opinion as you respect that of others’.
Tips for People with a
Considerate Communication Style
- Recognize that you don’t have to be friends with
everyone, but you should treat others - and be treated -professionally.
Tips for People with a
Considerate Communication Style
- Make an effort to listen carefully to others. Avoid interrupting.
Tips for People with a
Direct Communication Style
- Allow time for chatting’ at the beginning of a
meeting.
Tips for People with a
Direct Communication Style
- Recognize that others may also feel the need to
express themselves.
Tips for People with a
Direct Communication Style
- Recognize that brainstorming can be effective
and is not a waste of time.
Tips for People with a
Direct Communication Style
- Take some time to show your appreciation for
others’ contributions.
Tips for People with a
Direct Communication Style
- Recognize that for good working relationships,
consideration for others’ feelings is important.
Tips for People with a
Systematic Communication Style
- Learn to ask qualifying questions that will help you
get the information you need.
Tips for People with a
Systematic Communication Style
- Make sure you understand the background of the
discussion or scope of the conversation so no time is
wasted.
Tips for People with a
Systematic Communication Style
- Politely ask other questions about themselves if you
want to build rapport.
Tips for People with a
Systematic Communication Style
- If you need to ask for more time to know, analyze or
discuss something, explain the benefit of the
information you need to know.
Tips for People with a
Systematic Communication Style
Also called “lects”, these refer to the different variants of a language that can be sufficiently delimited from
one another in terms of social, historical, or geo-spatial
factors, thus forming language clusters.
language varieties
language varieties classifications
Pidgin
Creole
Regional Dialect
Minority Dialect
Indigenized Varieties
It refers to a new language
that develops into situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate but do not
share a common language.
Pidgin
It is a pidgin that becomes
the first language of the children, or the mother tongue of a certain community.
Creole
It is not a language that is not distinct from a national language, but rather a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country.
Regional Dialect
This is a variety used as a marker of identity, usually alongside a standard variety, by the members of a particular minority ethnic group.
Minority Dialect
These are spoken mainly as second languages in former colonies with multilingual populations.
Indigenized Varieties
characterized by the way a speaker uses language differently in different social circumstances.
Language registers
These are determined by such factors as social atmosphere, purpose of communication, audience, and the general context of the discourse.
Language registers
language registers can be
classified as
(1) formal,
(2) casual,
(3) intimate,
(4) frozen, and
(5) consultative.
used in professional, academic, or legal settings where communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained to specific rules.
formal language register
Slang is never used and contractions are rare.
formal language register
Examples are registers used in research paper,
government documents, business letters, and
in business presentations.
formal language register
used when
communicating with friends,
close acquaintances,
colleagues, and family
members.
casual language register
reserved for special occasions,
usually between only two people and often in private.
intimate language register
Examples are an inside joke
between two high school friends or sweet messages whispered to your “special someone.”
intimate language register
historic language that is
intended to remain unchanged.
frozen language register
conversations when people are
speaking with someone who has specialized
knowledge or is offering advice.
consultative language register
Tone is often respectful, such as the use of
honorifics or courtesy titles, but may be more
casual if the relationship between or among
the communicators is friendly.
consultative language register
Examples are registers used in local television
broadcast or in a conversation with a doctor
during medical examination.
consultative language register
Language registers can also be classified as
Formal, Informal, or Neutral.
are appropriate for
professional situations, such as when speaking
to a supervisor or writing an invitation letter.
Formal Language Registers
are conversational and appropriate when
speaking or writing to a friend or to someone
you know quite well.
Informal language registers
are non-emotional and laden with facts. These are most appropriate for research or technical writing.
neutral language registers
Using the proper registers show ______, ______, and ______ hence enhancing harmonious personal and professional relationships.
respect, interest, and a certain level of professionalism,
Everything should start with a _____ and _____ to relate more effectively with persons having different cultural backgrounds.
personal desire and strong
conviction
The following specific guidelines can enhance your ability to handle situations involving intercultural communication, and better prepare yourself to meet the communication challenges in an increasingly global environment.
Refrain from forming expectations based solely on your culture.
Remove personal biases or any stereotype that may impede understanding.
Make a personal commitment to develop communication skills appropriate in multicultural settings.
Knowing and accepting the validity of cultural
differences are key in communicating with people
having diverse communication styles. Being an
effective communicator requires allowing yourself to
be immersed in the multicultural society and
embracing diversity.
Refrain from forming expectations based solely on your culture.
You do not want to be at the receiving end of a biased judgment, right? You don’t want people avoiding you just because of how they see other members of your group or culture. Determine how much your family, friends and colleagues have ‘dictated’ how you view or feel about other people or other groups, and identify which among these prejudgments are stereotypes that can damage relationships.
Remove personal biases or any stereotype that may impede understanding.
Your ability to develop intercultural communication skills
largely depends on how many - and how much - of these
promises you are willing to make;
Refrain from forming expectations based solely on your culture.
Improving one’s Ability in Communicating in a
Multicultural Setting
Promises you are willing to make:
- I will make a commitment to seek information from persons whose cultures are different from my own.
- I will try to understand how the experiences of persons from different cultures leads them to develop perspectives that differ from mine.
- I will pay attention to the situation and the context when I communicate with persons from different cultures.
- I I will make every effort to become a more flexible communicator.
- I will not insist that persons from other cultures should
communicate with me on my terms.
