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Modern World History > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man

A

Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution. Proclaimed the importance of liberty, equality, and brotherhood

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2
Q

Economic Causes of the French Revolution

A

French Treasury was bankrupt (Wars and aid to America)
Only the lower class paid taxes, King lived a lavish lifestyle, Famine of 1788-1789

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3
Q

Political Causes of the French Revolution

A

French people did not enjoy freedom of speech
French people enjoyed little freedom of religion
French citizens enjoyed little due process rights (you are guilty until you prove your innocence)

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4
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A

vow by members of the 3rd estate to continue to meet until a new constitution was written

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5
Q

Sans-culottes

A

Reference to Parisian workers who wore common people without fine clothes.They supported the Jacobins

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6
Q

The Committee of Public Safety

A

During the National Convention government, this powerful group, led by Robespierre, was setup to defeat all enemies of the revolution both foreign and domestic

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7
Q

National Convention reforms (1792-95)

A

it abolished slavery in France and French colonies
it planned a national system of public education
it abolished debt imprisonment
it implemented the metric system

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8
Q

coup d’etat of the French government

A

start of Napoleons rule

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9
Q

bourgeoisie

A

the wealthy educated middle class

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10
Q

Waterloo

A

Site of Napoleon’s final battle before his exile from Europe

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11
Q

Girondins

A

A moderate faction active in the French Revolution from 1791 to 1793. They worked to abolish the Monarchy

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12
Q

Jacobins

A

A radical faction active in the French Revolution. Jacobins embraced violence to achieve their goals

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13
Q

Robespierre

A

He commanded almost dictatorial powers on the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror

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14
Q

Napoleon’s Code Civil

A

They were the first national set of laws in France.
They swept away privilege and title of French Nobility.
They dealt with law of persons, property, and acquisition and legalized freedom of religion. They DID NOT provide people with greater political freedoms

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15
Q

Napoleon’s defeat in Russia

A

Russian Army retreated hundreds of miles as they burnt and destroyed their countryside and villages. This diminished his ability to find needed supplies

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16
Q

Estates General of 1789

A

France needed to change its tax system due to debt so this Parliament of three French estates was called by Louis XVI. It hadn’t been called in over 150 years. Third Estate breaks away and establishes the National Assembly of France .

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17
Q

Reign of Terror (1793-1794)

A

Ten-month period of brutal repression when some 40,000 individuals were executed as enemies of the French Revolution.

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18
Q

Fate of Louis XVI

A

execution by guillotine

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19
Q

intellectual cause of the French Revolution

A

educated middle class insistence on acquiring the individual rights and freedoms expressed by French Enlightenment philosophers

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20
Q

Marie Antoinette

A

French Queen executed during the French Revolution

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21
Q

King Louis XVI caught fleeing France

A

He was placed under house arrest in Paris.
Then he wrote to foreign monarchs requesting aid and foreign troops began to form at the borders of France

22
Q

Napoleon becomes Emperor of France?

A

he crowned himself/proclaimed himself Emperor. (the Pope was left out)

23
Q

Members of French Estates

A

First- Church/Clergy
Second- Nobility
Third- Bourgeoisie and Peasants

24
Q

Georges Danton

A

He was a dangerous revolutionary that tried to mend fences between the Jacobins and the Girondists. He was executed as the Jacobins turned on him

25
Q

Congress of Vienna (What)

A

Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon. Historians considered attending diplomats as reactionaries. It was guided by the principles of Conservatism, Legitimacy, and Compensation and it ignored the principles of Liberalism and Nationalism

26
Q

Jean-Paul Marat

A

A journalist and Jacobin; His death launched the Reign of Terror. Known to constantly soak due to a skin condition, he was stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday, He was immortalized in the David painting The Death of Marat.

27
Q

Liberalism

A

Idea that individuals had certain innate rights and liberties

28
Q

Conservatism

A

Favors keeping the traditional order.

29
Q

Nationalism

A

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country. Main force ignored by delegates at the Congress of Vienna. It was inadvertently spread by Napoleon

30
Q

Continental System

A

Napoleon’s policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain’s economy.

31
Q

National Convention of 1792-1795

A

Abolished the monarchy and established a republic. Gave power to the Committee of Public Safety

32
Q

The Directory

A

Established after the Reign of Terror /Robespierre; More moderate middle class leaders taking control, with a five man group as the executive branch of the country; incompetent and corrupt, only lasted for 4 years.

33
Q

Congress of Vienna (Results)

A

Mixed: There was not another widespread European war for almost 100 years which could suggest that the Congress effectively established peace and order in Europe but there were major Nationalist rebellions in Europe only 15 years after the Congress

34
Q

Napoleon’s early life and rise to power

A

Born on the island of Corsica, his family was actually of Italian descent. He advanced in the French Army after attending military school. He first gained attention as he suppressed a royalist uprising by firing on a mob killing thousands. As a reward he was made head of France’s army in Italy

35
Q

Guillotine

A

Nicknamed the “national razor”,this method of execution where a person’s head was chopped off was used daily during the Reign of Terror. Rich victims would pay bribes to have its blades sharpened to ensure an instant death

36
Q

Napoleon’s achievements

A

created a National Bank
implemented a series of Public Works
established an Uniform Tax Code
established a system of Public Education

37
Q

Guerilla War

A

literally, ‘little war- Hit and run tactics used against Napoleon as it provided constant distraction and
sapped the armies strength

38
Q

Estates-General voting system

A

Each estate had 1 vote, though the 1st and 2nd estate always won against the 3rd

39
Q

the Bastille

A

Stormed as the mob was looking for weapons and gunpowder, it was a symbol of the OLD REGIME. It’s storming began the French Revolution

40
Q

Battle of Austerlitz (1805)

A

The battle where Napoleon defeats Austria and the Holy Roman Empire is dissolved

41
Q

Peninsular War (1808-1813)

A

Napoleon’s long-drawn-out war with Spain. He was never able to subdue the nation

42
Q

Scorched Earth Tactics

A

Russians burn their own land and buildings so that their opponents don’t get anything. This saved the Russians

43
Q

Prince Klemens von Metternich

A

Host of the Congress of Vienna and Austria’s representative

44
Q

Lord Castlereagh

A

British representative at the Congress of Vienna.

45
Q

Alexander II

A

Russian representative at the Congress of Vienna

46
Q

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand

A

French representative at the Congress of Vienna

47
Q

Napoleon’s Egyptian Campaign

A

Defeated, he ran back to France trying to arrive before his loss was known to the people of Paris

48
Q

The National Assembly

A

a French Congress established by representatives of the Third Estate on June 17, 1789, to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people

49
Q

Moscow

A

Captured by Napoleon, the Russian capital was burned down by Russian citizens

50
Q

Russia

A

Napoleon entered this country with 450,000 troops and left with 40,000 troops

Modern World History (4 decks)

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