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AP Comp Sci P > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what was the Internet a result of?

A

ARPANET - Advanced Research Project Agency Network

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2
Q

what was the goal of ARPANET?

A

create a communication system that can survive a nuclear attack

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3
Q

what are the two types of networks?

A

centralized and distributed

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4
Q

what was Paul Baran’s idea for sending info through net?

A

break up into blocks and send them as fast as possible in any direction

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5
Q

who owns the internet?

A

no one

internet is made up of individually operated networks - no central control, end to end connectivity

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6
Q

what did the internet working protocol do?

A

set groundwork for internet

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7
Q

ISP

A

internet service provider - connects you to devices around the world

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8
Q

how else can you explain the internet?

A

design philosophy and an architecture expressed in a set of protocols

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9
Q

protocols

A

well known set of rules and standards used to communicate between networks

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10
Q

what did the design philosophy allow the internet to do?

A

to adapt and absorb new communication technology

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11
Q

IP

A

internet protocol

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12
Q

IP Address

A

all devices have a unique address/number

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13
Q

how are IP Addresses represented?

A

represented in bits: 32 bits in total/ 8 per part

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14
Q

4 parts of IP address

A

country (now network), region (now network), subnetwork, device

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15
Q

IPV4

A

4 billion ip addresses (what we have now)

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16
Q

IPV6

A

128 bits/ 340 undecillion

what we are transforming into

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17
Q

DNS

A

Domain Name System

associates web names into IP Addresses

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18
Q

How are DNS services connected?

A

in distributed hierarchy - .com/.net/.org

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19
Q

how was DNS created as? what susceptibility?

A

open and public communication protocol
cyberattacks

20
Q

DNS spoofing

A

hacker taps into DNS server and changes domain name to wrong IP address

21
Q

how are DNS and IP designed?

A

designed to scale

22
Q

do we have direct dedicated connection?

A

no - it’s impossible

23
Q

how does info go from one computer to another?

A

packets of info - like a car (takes account of traffic, quickest path, etc)

24
Q

what are the limits of sending digital packets?

A

can’t sent a big one- have to split it into diff packets that have to and from addresses so that they reach the right place

packets can arrive at different times and out of order, but is assembled correctly at destination

25
Q

what are routers?

A

traffic managers of packets
keeps track of paths to send info and chooses the cheapest path

26
Q

what does cheap mean in this case?

A

taking account into time, politics, and relationships

27
Q

what does many paths allow for?

A

redundancy = fault tolerant= reliability

28
Q

does most direct equate to best option?

A

no

29
Q

TCP

A

transmission control protocol

manages the sending and receiving of all packets

signs for delivery or not depending on if all packets are present; missing packets are resent if missing

30
Q

advantage of TCP and Routers?

A

scalable

31
Q

what is an URL?

A

uniform resource locator
web address

32
Q

what is the process of computers asking servers for websites?

A

it talks to the server asking with “GET” requests, and the server sends it back as HTTP

33
Q

what are GET requests?

A

sent from computer to desired server
tells server that you want all HTML code

34
Q

what is HTTP?

A

hypertext transfer protocol
language used to communicate between browers and servers

35
Q

what is HTML?

A

hypertext markup language
language that tells a web browser how a page should look

36
Q

What do HTML include? what not?

A

include texts, but not images/videos
images and videos have their own URLs, so they get their own GET requests sent

37
Q

POST requests

A

you send the info to servers, and then the server sends you your web page with a cookie

38
Q

what are cookies?

A

an ID card that webs use to remember who you are

39
Q

what aspects of the internet lead to hacking?

A

it’s completely open, all connections are shared, and all info is sent in plain text

40
Q

how do safe websites prevent snooping and tempering?

A

through secure channels : Secure Socket Layer and Transport Layer Security

41
Q

what do SSL and TLS so?

A

layer of security around your connections

42
Q

what is HTTPS?

A

hypertext transfer protocol secure

43
Q

what are digital certificates?

A

when a web asks a browser to engage in a secure connection, it first provides this proving it’s the website it claims to be (id almost)
its given by higher authorities that says that this is the right website

44
Q

what do HTTPS and DNS do?

A

manage sending and receiving of web files

45
Q

what do TCP/IP and routing do?

A

break down info and transport them by packets

46
Q

what do wires and cables and wifi do?

A

binary sequences that are sent physically

AP Comp Sci P (14 decks)

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