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AP Human Geography > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

https://studymate.com/?id=DCzUs7sp https://studymate.com/?id=DCQ7jF4G

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1
Q

Population Distribution

A

patterns of human settlement an spread of people across the earth, highlighting places on a map if crowded, sparsed, or empty

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2
Q

Population Density

A

measure of the average population per square mile or kilometer of an area, measuring how crowded a place is

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3
Q

Midlatitude

A

the regions between 30 degrees and 60 degrees north and south of the equator

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4
Q

Social Stratification

A

the hierarchal division of people into groups based on factors like economic status, power, and/or ethnicity

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5
Q

Arithmetic Population density

A

calculated by dividing a region’s population by its total area

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6
Q

Physiological Population Density

A

calculated by dividing a region’s population by its total amount of arable land

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7
Q

Arable

A

land suitable for growing crops

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8
Q

Agricultural Population Density

A

compares the number of farmers to the area or arable land

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9
Q

Redisrtricting

A

Boundary adjustments of rural areas and urban areas

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10
Q

Infrastructure

A

refers to the facilities and structures that allows people to carry out their typical activities.

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11
Q

Overpopulation

A

having more people than it can support

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12
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

the number of people a region can support without damaging the environment

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13
Q

The Influence of Time

A

the carrying capacity of a region can change over time

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14
Q

Influence on Cities

A

cities could be built on land with low carrying capacity, but settlers have chosen sites for their settlements on or near land that could support a large population

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15
Q

Significance of Density

A

can result in environmental problems like air and water pollution or depletion of resources

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16
Q

Age-Sex Composition Graph

A

age and gender data, provides information on birth rates, death rates, average life expectancy, and economic development

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17
Q

Population pyramid

A

similar to age-sex composition graph, but can also give evidence of past events like environmental hazards, wars, political changes, and epidemics.

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18
Q

Cohorts

A

The vertical axis shows age groups, mostly listed in the middle of population pyramid, but can be shown on left or right side

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19
Q

Birth Deficit

A

the slowdown of births

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20
Q

Baby Boom

A

Once hostilities end and peace resumes, birth rates often spike, which could last years

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21
Q

Baby Bust

A

Once the boom ends, birth rates are lower for a number of years

22
Q

Echo

A

the can be a bulge on a pyramid, which reflects an earlier baby boom

23
Q

Potential Workforce

A

the group expected to be the society’s labor force

24
Q

Dependent Population

A

people considered too young or too old to work full time, and assumed to rely on the economical active workforce to keep the society running

25
Q

Dependency Ratio

A

the comparison between the size of the potential workforce and the dependent population

26
Q

Demographic Balancing Equation

A

used to describe the future population of a region of any scale

27
Q

Immigrants

A

people who moved into the country

28
Q

Emigrants

A

people who moved out of the country

29
Q

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

A

the number of live births per year for each 1,000 people

30
Q

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

A

average number of children who would be born per woman in a group in a country

31
Q

Life Expectancy

A

the average number of years people live

32
Q

Infant Mortality Rate

A

the number of children who die before their first birthday

33
Q

Sewer Systems

A

Protecting water supply from contamination, increasing life expectancy

34
Q

Water and Waste Systems

A

Systems that provide clean water through taxes, and also collected garbage and waste produced by city residents

35
Q

Vaccines

A

the immunity to diseases given to people to prevent outbreak

36
Q

Antibitotics

A

Helped cure people who had bacterial infections

37
Q

Better Medical Care

A

Procedures that have improved to help life expectancy

38
Q

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

A

amount of mortality per 1,000 population

39
Q

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

A

the percentage of which a country’s population is growing or declining, without the impact of migration

40
Q

Population Doubling Time

A

estimated using an equation known as the Rule of 70, assuming the growth rate remains steady, the approximate doubling time in years will be 70 divided by the growth rate per year

41
Q

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A

shows five typical stages of population change that countries experience as they modernize

42
Q

Demographic Momentum

A

occurs because even though fertility rates have declined, people are living longer

43
Q

Epidemiological Transition Model

A

explains the changing death rates and more common causes of death within societies

44
Q

Malthusian Theory

A

if people could not limit population growth voluntarily, famine, or widespread and massive starvation, would limit population growth

45
Q

Boserup Theory

A

the more people there are, the more hands there are to work, rather than just more mouths to feed

46
Q

neo-Malthusians

A

people who believe population growth is a serious problem currently and an even greater threat for the future

47
Q

Antinatalist Policies

A

attempt to decrease the number of births in a country

48
Q

Pronatalist Policies

A

programs designed to increase the fertility rate

49
Q

Dependency Ratio

A

a value comparing the working to the nonworking parts of the population

50
Q
A

AP Human Geography (3 decks)

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