Unit 1 - Reading 2 Flashcards
Spatial Approach
the phenomena being studied across the surface of the earth
Place
specific human and physical characteristics of a location
Location
identifies where specific places are on the grid system
Space
the area between two or more phenomena of things
Region
group of places in the same area that share a characteristic
Site
characteristics at the immediate location
Situation
location of a place relative to its surroundings
Sense of Place
the way different people have different perspectives of a place
Toponyms
insights to locations (history, culture, etc.)
Time-Space Compression
shrinking of distance between locations from transportation
Spatial Interaction
contact, movement, and flow of things between locations
Flow
patterns and movement of ideas, people, products, etc.
Friction of Distance
when things are farther apart, they tend to be less connected
Distance Decay
inverse relation between distance and connection
Spatial Assosiaction
indicates that two or more things may be related/associated with each other
Human-Environmental Interaction
relationship between humans and the natural world
Natural Recource
items that occur in the natural environment (air, water, oil, fish, etc.)
Renewable Natural Recources
unlimited until proven otherwise by people
Non-Renewable Recources
rare materials that are more difficult to find and produce
Sustainability
using recourses in was to make them still available in the future
Land Use
how land is utilized, modified, and organized by people
Build Environment
physical things humans have build that form parts of landscape
Cultural Landscape
anything build by humans in the realm of land use
Cultural Ecology
the study of how humans adapt to their environment
Environmental Determinism
believing the earth itself is changing people, not culture
Environmental Possiblism
believing culture is changing people, no the earth itself
False Conclusion
inaccurate generalizations not supported by data
Formal Regions
united by traits (political, physical, cultural, and ecenomical)
Functional Regions
united by networks (communication, transportation, and interaction)
Perceptible Regions
informal sense of place that people ascribe
Subregions
regions divided into smaller areas, and is distinctive
Analyzing the Stimulus
A graphic stimulus, such as a map, chart, graph, or photograph
Four-Level Analysis Spatial Framework
Comprehension, Identification, Explanation, Prediction
Data Driven Models (formulas and graphs)
Mathematical formulas to help understand how the world works, often function like models
Reference Map
designed for people to refer to for general information about places
Political Maps
show and label human-created boundaries and designations (countries, states, cities, and capitals)
Physical Maps
show and label natural features (mountains, rivers, and deserts)`
Road Maps
show and label highways, streets, and alleys
Plat Maps
show and label property lines and details of land ownership
Mercator Projection
Purpose: Navigation
Strengths: Direction, lines of latitude and longitude
Distortion: Distance between lines of latitude and longitude appears constant, land masses near the poles appear large
Peters Projection
Purpose: Spatial Distributions related to area
Strengths: Sizes of land masses are accurate
Distortion: Shapes are inaccurate, especially near poles
Conic Projection
Purpose: General use in midlatitude countries
Strengths: Lines of longitude converge, lines of latitude curved, size, and shape
Distortion: Direction isn’t constant, longitude lines coverage at only one pole on world maps
Robinson Projection
Purpose: General Use
Strengths: No major distortion, oval shape appears more like a globe than a rectangle
Distortion: Area, shape, size, and direction are all slightly distorted
Spatial Data
all of the information that can be tied to specific locations
Remote Sensing
gathers information from satellites that orbit the earth or other craft that are above the atmosphere
Aerial Photography
professional images captured from planes within the atmosphere, creating observation data
Fieldwork
observing and recording information on location, or in the field
Landscape Analysis
defining and describing landscapes
Field Observation
the act of physically visiting a location, place, or region and recording firsthand information there
Geo-visualizations
allows people to zoom in or out to see the data in ways that were previously impossible
Global Positioning System (GPS)
- locates borders precisely
- navigating ships, aircraft, and cars
- mapping lines or points
Remote Sensing
- determining land cover and use
- monitoring environmental changes
- assessing spread of spatial phenomena
- monitoring the weather
Geographical Information System (GIS)
- analyzing crime data
- monitoring the effects of pollution
- analyzing transportation/travel time
- planning urban area
Smartphone and Computer Applications
- suggesting restaurants, stores, or best routes to users
- contact tracing related to tracking diseased or exposer to chemicals
- mapping of photos from geotags
Community-Based Solution
increase the likelihood of success because they create buy-in from local residents and are more likely to be culturally accepted
Aggregation
organized data into different scales such as census tract, city, county, or country
