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Organic Chem (206) > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 parts to naming a compound

A
  1. Stereoisomer: cis/trans
  2. Substituents: groups connected to the main chain
  3. Parent chain
  4. Unsaturation: double/triple bonds
  5. Functional Group: group after which the compound is named
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2
Q

What is the suffix used for carboxylic acid

A

-oic acid

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3
Q

What is the suffix used for ester linkages

A

-oate

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4
Q

What is the suffix used for aldehydes

A

-al

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5
Q

What is the suffix used for ketones

A

-one

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6
Q

What is the suffix used for alcohols

A

-ol

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7
Q

What is the suffix used for amines

A

-amine

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8
Q

What is the functional group hierarchy

A

carboxylic acid, ester, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, and amine

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9
Q

How do you name a compound with multiple functional groups

A

the higher priority one is the suffix while the other goes in the prefix

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10
Q

What does it mean for a compound to be unsaturated

A

It is not bound to four other atoms but has double/triple bonds

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11
Q

How is the presence of double/triple bonds indicated in naming

A

“en” for double bonds and “yn” for triple bonds

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12
Q

What is the name for one carbon

A

meth

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13
Q

What is the name for two carbons

A

eth

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14
Q

What is the name for three carbons

A

prop

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15
Q

What is the name for four carbons

A

but

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16
Q

What is the name for five carbons

A

pent

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17
Q

What is the name for six carbons

A

hex

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18
Q

What is the name for seven carbons

A

hept

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19
Q

What is the name for eight carbons

A

oct

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20
Q

What is the name for nine carbons

A

non

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21
Q

What is the name for ten carbons

A

dec

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22
Q

What is the order for finding the longest carbon chain

A

functional group, double bond, triple bond, substituent

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23
Q

What are the prefixes used for multiple substitutional groups

A

2: di
3: tri
4: tetra
5: penta
6: hexa

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24
Q

What does cis mean

A

identical groups are on the same side

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25
What does trans mean
identical groups are on opposite sides
26
What are the types of staggered conformations and how do you tell them apart
Anti and gauche. Anti is when the two main groups are directly opposite of each other and if it's not anti then its gauche
27
When is an eclipsed conformation most unstable
When the tow biggest groups are closest to each other
28
When is a staggered conformation most stable
When in an anti conformation
29
What is torsional strain
created when there is a deviation from staggered conformation
30
What is angle strain
when carbons do not have the ideal angle bond causing an increase in potential energy
31
What is nonbonded or steric strain
when nonbonded atoms separated by four or more bonds are forced closer together so that they smash into each other
32
When are chair conformations most stable
When groups are able to be equatorial or when the largest groups can be equatorial
33
When do 1, 3 diaxial interactions occur
When there is a substituent group other than H that is axial. It will create this interaction with other Hs though
34
What could possibly create other gauche interactions on chair conformations
Methane on adjacent carbons
35
What are isomers
molecules with the same molecular formulas but different bonds
36
What are stereoisomers and what are the two types
molecules that have the same molecular formula and bonds but different spatial arrangment. Enantiomers are mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images
37
what does it mean to be chiral
mirror images are not superimposable and show handedness
38
What does superimposable mean
indentical and can lay on top of each other
39
What does it mean to be achiral
mirror images are superimposable and do not show handedness
40
What is a plane of symmetry
exact middle through an object creating a mirror image of the other half
41
What is the center of symmetry
the intersection created by drawing straight lines between like groups
42
What is a stereocenter
an tetrahedral atoms that is bonded to four different groups. AKA chiral center
43
What is the priority rule of chiral centers
priority is given to the bonded atoms that have the higher atomic number
44
How do you name enantiomers
1. find chiral center 2. prioritize the substituents 3. Draw arc from highest to lowest priority 4. Make sure that lowest priority substituent is away from you 5. If CW then R if CCW then S
45
What is the shortcut to tell if there is a chiral center
If the molecule is symmetrical then it does not have a chiral center
46
For a molecule that has n stereocenters, a maximum of ___ stereoisomers is possible
2^n
47
What are meso compounds
an achiral compound with 2+ chiral centers
48
How do you make a fisher projection
Chiral centers becomes the center, the up groups are on the horizontal and the down groups are vertical
49
What are Alkanes
series of saturated hydrocarbons
50
What is the use of BP with Alkanes
BP is indicative of the strength of intermolecular forces
51
The more ____ a species, the stronger the molecular forces
charged
52
What are the two limiting cases of london dispersion forces
If the shapes are the same, forces increase as size does. If the number of carbons are the same,then forces decrease as branches increase
53
What do london dispersion forces depend on in Alkanes
More contact, stronger forces
54
Enantiomers have ______ physical and chemical properties in an achiral environment except for what
identical except for rotation of polarized light
55
Distereomers have ____ physical and chemical properties
different
56
What causes enantiomer to become diastereomers
when put in a chiral (living) environment
57
Dextrorotary
rotation to the right (+) (d isomer)
58
levorotatory
rotation to the left (-) (I isomer)
59
Racemic mixture
50/50 mixture of + and - isomers; will not have rotation as it is not optically active
60
Enantiomeric excess
excess of one enantiomer over a recemic mixture

Organic Chem (206) (7 decks)

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