Final

Question 1

What reagents are used to remove two halides from an alkane and form a alkyne

Answer 1

3 equivalent NaNH2 and water

Question 2

What reagents are used in alkylation and what results from it

Answer 2

NaNH2 and xI where x is what is being added to the alkyne

Question 3

What are the three ways to reduce an alkyne

Answer 3

Markovnikow addition, Anti-markovnikov addition, and using platinum

Question 4

What are the reagents for reduction of an alkyne via markovnikov addition and what structure is made

Answer 4

H2 and Lindlar’s catalyst makes a cis alkene

Question 5

What are the reagents for reduction of an alkyne via anti-markovnikov addition and what structure is made

Answer 5

Na and NH3 make a trans alkene

Question 6

What are the reagents for a reduction of a alkyne using platinum and what structure is made

Answer 6

platinum (pt) and H2 get rid of all pi bonds

Question 7

what are the reagents used for the hydration of a alkyne via markovnikov addition (acid-catalyzed hydration) and what structure is made

Answer 7

H2SO4 and HgSO4 makes a ketone from an enol

Question 8

what are the reagents used for the hydration of a alkyne via anti-markovnikov addition (hydro-boration oxidation) and what structure is made

Answer 8

BH3, THF and H2O2, NaOH make an aldehyde from an enol

Question 9

What happens as a result of a Sn2 reaction

Answer 9

chiral centers are flipped

Question 10

What happens as a result of a Sn1 reactions

Answer 10

enantiomers are made

Question 11

What are the reagents for a markovnikov hydroboration of an alkene and what results from it

Answer 11

HX and can rearrange to put x on the most substituted carbon

Question 12

What are the reagents for an anti markovnikov hydroboration of an alkene and what results from it

Answer 12

HBr and ROOR and puts Br on the least substituted carbon

Question 13

What are the reagents for hydration of a alkene and what results from it

Answer 13

H2O and H2SO4, put OH on the most substituted carbon

Question 14

What are the reagents for halogenation of an alkene and what results from it

Answer 14

X2 and puts them on in anti addition (up and down but different carbons)

Question 15

What are the reagents of a halohydrin reaction of an alkene and what results from it

Answer 15

H2O and X, puts OH on the more substituted carbon and Br on the least substituted carbon, anti-addition

Question 16

What are the reagents of an oxymercuration reduction of an alkene and what results from it

Answer 16

Hg(AOc)2, H2O and NaBH4, puts OH on the more substituted carbon

Question 17

What are the reagents of a hydroboration reduction of an alkene and what results from it

Answer 17

BH3, THF and H2O2, NaOH, puts OH on the less substituted carbon, anti addition

Question 18

What are the reagents of a dihydroxylation of an alkene and what results from it

Answer 18

OsO4 and H2S puts 2 OHs on syn addition

Question 19

What are the reagents of a hydrogenation of an alkene and what results from it

Answer 19

H2 and Pt, puts Hs on, syn addition

Question 20

What are the reagents of ozonolysis of an alkene and what results from it

Answer 20

O3 and DMS, break pi bond into 2 pi bond adding O to the ends

Question 21

What does adding NaNH2 to an alkane do

Answer 21

Removes halogens to make double/triple bond

Question 22

What does adding Na and NH3 (l) do to an alkyne

Answer 22

removes a pi bond and makes the molecule trans

Question 23

What are the factors that promote a Sn1 reaction and what is the RDS

Answer 23

RDS is formation of a carbocation, and factors are weak base for LG, polar and protic solvents

Question 24

What are the factors that promote a Sn2 reaction and what is the RDS

Answer 24

Not really RDS since everything happens at the same time and factors are a weak base for LG, steric hinderance slows reaction, and aprotic solvents but can work with protic ones

Question 25

What are the factors that promote an E1 reaction and what is the RDS

Answer 25

RDS is formation of a carbocation, and factors are polar, protic solvents, and heat

Question 26

What are the factors that promote a E2 reaction and what is the RDS

Answer 26

No RDS as everything happens at the same time, factors are polar aprotic solvents and better base faster reaction

Question 27

Why are terminal alkynes much more acidic than alkanes

Answer 27

Alkynes have more character allowing Hs to be liberated more easily

Question 28

What is the difference between protic and aprotic solvents

Answer 28

Protic solvents have hydrogens bonded to O or N while aprotic don’t