Final Flashcards
What reagents are used to remove two halides from an alkane and form a alkyne
3 equivalent NaNH2 and water
What reagents are used in alkylation and what results from it
NaNH2 and xI where x is what is being added to the alkyne
What are the three ways to reduce an alkyne
Markovnikow addition, Anti-markovnikov addition, and using platinum
What are the reagents for reduction of an alkyne via markovnikov addition and what structure is made
H2 and Lindlar’s catalyst makes a cis alkene
What are the reagents for reduction of an alkyne via anti-markovnikov addition and what structure is made
Na and NH3 make a trans alkene
What are the reagents for a reduction of a alkyne using platinum and what structure is made
platinum (pt) and H2 get rid of all pi bonds
what are the reagents used for the hydration of a alkyne via markovnikov addition (acid-catalyzed hydration) and what structure is made
H2SO4 and HgSO4 makes a ketone from an enol
what are the reagents used for the hydration of a alkyne via anti-markovnikov addition (hydro-boration oxidation) and what structure is made
BH3, THF and H2O2, NaOH make an aldehyde from an enol
What happens as a result of a Sn2 reaction
chiral centers are flipped
What happens as a result of a Sn1 reactions
enantiomers are made
What are the reagents for a markovnikov hydroboration of an alkene and what results from it
HX and can rearrange to put x on the most substituted carbon
What are the reagents for an anti markovnikov hydroboration of an alkene and what results from it
HBr and ROOR and puts Br on the least substituted carbon
What are the reagents for hydration of a alkene and what results from it
H2O and H2SO4, put OH on the most substituted carbon
What are the reagents for halogenation of an alkene and what results from it
X2 and puts them on in anti addition (up and down but different carbons)
What are the reagents of a halohydrin reaction of an alkene and what results from it
H2O and X, puts OH on the more substituted carbon and Br on the least substituted carbon, anti-addition
What are the reagents of an oxymercuration reduction of an alkene and what results from it
Hg(AOc)2, H2O and NaBH4, puts OH on the more substituted carbon
What are the reagents of a hydroboration reduction of an alkene and what results from it
BH3, THF and H2O2, NaOH, puts OH on the less substituted carbon, anti addition
What are the reagents of a dihydroxylation of an alkene and what results from it
OsO4 and H2S puts 2 OHs on syn addition
What are the reagents of a hydrogenation of an alkene and what results from it
H2 and Pt, puts Hs on, syn addition
What are the reagents of ozonolysis of an alkene and what results from it
O3 and DMS, break pi bond into 2 pi bond adding O to the ends
What does adding NaNH2 to an alkane do
Removes halogens to make double/triple bond
What does adding Na and NH3 (l) do to an alkyne
removes a pi bond and makes the molecule trans
What are the factors that promote a Sn1 reaction and what is the RDS
RDS is formation of a carbocation, and factors are weak base for LG, polar and protic solvents
What are the factors that promote a Sn2 reaction and what is the RDS
Not really RDS since everything happens at the same time and factors are a weak base for LG, steric hinderance slows reaction, and aprotic solvents but can work with protic ones
