Unit 2

Question 1

tolerance curves

Answer 1

bell shaped

Question 2

ecological niche

Answer 2

multi-dimensional summary of the tolerances and requirements of a species

Question 3

Fundemental niche

Answer 3

A niche where an organsim occupies in the abscence of any interspecific competition

Question 4

Realised niche

Answer 4

A realised niche is a where the organsim ocupies due to their response of the interspecific competition

Question 5

competitive exclusion

Answer 5

as a result of interspecific competition, niches are too siilar which leads to a decline in one or local extinction because they cannot co-exist

Question 6

resource partitioning

Answer 6

where two organisms with the same realised niche can co-exist. birds and bats living at different times

Question 7

parasitism

Answer 7

a symbiotic relationship between a parasites and it host. parasite gains benefit in terms on nutrients at the expense of its host

Question 8

parasitism vs predator-prey

Answer 8

unlike predator to prey the parasite does not kill its host. the reproductive potential of the parasite is greater than that of the host.

Question 9

parasites niche

Answer 9

a parasite has a very narrow niche (specialised) as they are very host specific. As the host provides so many of the parasites needs many parasites re degenerte, lacking in structures and organs found in other organisms. Its tolerance is tailored to its host conditions.

Question 10

Faculatitive parasite

Answer 10

Is a parasite that is not host dependent and can live without

Question 11

Obligate parasite

Answer 11

Relies on the host to stay alove

Question 12

Ectoparasite

Answer 12

An ectoparasite lives on the surface of the host e.g. ticks and lice.

Question 13

Endoparasite

Answer 13

An endoparasite lives inside their host e.g. malaria

Question 14

Definitive host

Answer 14

the host on or in which the parasite reaches sexual maturity

Question 15

Intermediate host

Answer 15

may be required for the parasite to complete its lifecycle. the parasite may carry out asexual reproduction within its intermedite host to increase its numbers quickly.

Question 16

Vector

Answer 16

the term used for the organsim that plays an active role in teh transmission of a parasite from one host to another. It may also be a host

Question 17

Cause of Malaira

Answer 17

Type of Protozoan known as Plasmodium.

Question 18

How is Malaria spread

Answer 18

By a female mosquito that bites an infected human and then another. it passes on parasites into the bloodstream

Question 19

1st stage -Life cycle of Plasmodium

Answer 19

• An infected mosquito, acting as a vector, bites a human

Question 20

2nd stage - Life cycle of Plasmodium

Answer 20

plasmodium enters the human bloodstream

Question 21

Where does asexual reproduction of plasmodium occur?

Answer 21

In the Liver and then in the red blood cells

Question 22

what happens to the red blood cells during Malaria transmission

Answer 22

They burst and release the gameocytes into the bloodstream

Question 23

How does Malaria spread after

Answer 23

A mosquito bites the infected humnand the gameocytes enter the mosquito

Question 24

What happens to the gameocytes inside the mosquito

Answer 24

they mature nto male and female gametes, allowing sexual reproduction to now occure

Question 25

What is a virus

Answer 25

A virus is a parasite that can only replicate inside a host cell

Question 26

Viruses contain two basic parts, What are they?

Answer 26

They contain DNA or RNA packeaged in a protective protein coat.

Question 27

What are some viruses surrounded by and what are they derived from

Answer 27

Viruses are surrnounded by phospholipid membrane derived from host cell materials.

Question 28

How are they not detected by the host cell.

Answer 28

they are not detected by the host cell due to antigens on the outer surface which may not be detected as foreign.