Unit 1L1 Flashcards
Series of acts passed by Congress starting in 1935. First two acts outlawed arms sales and loans to nations at war. Third act expanded to nations in a civil war and allowed the sale of non-military goods to warring nations as long as it was cash and carry (buyer pays in cash and arranges transportation). Another act in 1939, prohibited Americans from entering war zones, but extended cash and carry to include weapons.
Neutrality Acts
Signed into law in 1941, allowed the U.S. to sell, lease, or lend war materials to “any country whose defense was vital to the United States.” Intended to help Britain and was soon expanded to help the Soviet Union.
LEND LEASE ACT
Joint declaration of war aims from the U.S. and Britain – U.S. had not yet entered the war, but Roosevelt thought it was inevitable. Pledged disarmament, freedom of the seas, economic development, and selfdetermination. Also laid the foundation for the United Nations.
ATLANTIC CHARTER
U.S. naval base in Hawaii that was attacked by the Japanese on Dec. 7, 1941. This attack pushed Congress to approve Roosevelt’s request for a declaration of war and three days later Germany and Italy (Japan’s allies) declared war on the U.S.
PEARL HARBOR
Hitler’s plan to exterminate the Jews in Europe (genocide). Approximately six million Jewish men, women, and children were killed during the Holocaust. 5 million other “undesirables” were also murdered.
FINAL SOLUTION
After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese Americans living on the West Coast were forced into relocating to internment camps farther inland where they would be required to live until the end of the war. Many were forced to sell their property and belongings on short notice and for less than their true value.
JAPANESE INTERNMENT ACT
City in Italy where the Allied forces launched an amphibious attack to gain a foothold on Italy’s mainland. Met with strong resistance from German forces, and casualties were high.
SALERNO
City in Northern France – site of the Allied invasion into France on June 6, 1944 (DDay). After 7 days of fighting, the Allies held an 80-mile strip of France, after 2 months they liberated Paris, and by September the Allies had freed France, Belgium, and Luxembourg.
NORMANDY
Victory in Europe Day. Day Germany’s military leaders surrendered to the Allies.
V-E DAY
Five day battle (May 1942) where the fighting was done from airplanes that took off from aircraft carriers. First time since Pearl Harbor that a Japanese invasion had been stopped.
BATTLE OF CORAL SEA
Turning point of the war in the Pacific. Americans had broken the Japanese code and knew an attack was coming. They caught Japan unawares – destroying 4 of their aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes.
BATTLE OF MIDWAY
Japanese cities where the atomic bombs were dropped by the U.S. three days apart killing an estimated 200,000 people. After Nagasaki, the Japanese surrendered on V-J Day.
HIROSHIMA & NAGASAKI
Had 172 military training centers. U.S. government spent more than $98 billion in FL to further the war effort – purchased/rented hotels for troop use, shipyards built “Liberty Ships, agriculture production increased, etc. Population grew by 46% between 1940 and 1950.
FLORIDA IN WW2
Trials of 24 Nazi leaders held between 1945 and 1946. They were charged with crimes against humanity, crimes against the peace, and war crimes. Trials established the idea of individual responsibility in international law as many claimed they were just following orders, but were still found guilty.
NUREMBERG TRIALS
2nd wartime conference held between U.S., Britain, and the Soviet Union (first was Tehran Conference in 1941). Decide to split Germany into 4 occupation zones, free elections in Soviet-occupied Eastern European countries, and Soviet participation in an international conference (creation of the UN).
YALTA CONFERENCE
