Unit 1 L4-5 Flashcards
Created on June 26, 1945 by representatives from 50 nations – intended to promote peace. Came from “A Declaration of the United Nations” (signed by 26 nations in 1942) which was established from the Atlantic Charter’s aims – it called for a creation of a new peacekeeping organization.
UNITED NATIONS
African American woman (lived in Daytona where she opened a school for African American girls that became Bethune-Cookman College). She was appointed by Truman to be a delegate on interracial relations at the San Francisco Conference which drafted the United Nations Charter. Only woman of color at the conference.
MARY MCLEOD BETHUNE
Final wartime conference between the U.S., Britain, and the Soviet Union. U.S. and Soviet Union are at odds. Soviet Union does not hold free elections as promised - wants a “sphere of influence” in Eastern Europe. U.S. opposes this and the spread of communism (opposes American, democratic ideals).
POSTDAM CONFERENCE
Division in Europe between the Democratic West and the Communist East. Travel and contact between the two areas was restricted.
IRON CURTAIN
President Truman’s speech to Congress asking for aid to help Turkey and Greece resist the growing communist influence. Official beginning of the “containment” policy – stopping the spread of communism to other countries.
TRUMAN DOCTRINE
Highly successful plan to provide U.S. aid to war-torn European countries to help them rebuild their economies. Would create allies and trading partners for the U.S. while also helping to stop communism from spreading.
MARSHALL PLAN
Soviet Union closed off West Berlin from road and rail after the three Western powers merged their sections of Germany to form a unified West Germany. Western allies began an airlift to supply the city with food and other necessities. Within a year, the Soviets lifted the blockade.
BERLIN BLOCKADE
Treaty (1949) between the U.S., Canada, and ten Western European countries – pledging that each member would defend the other if attacked. Other nations joined as the Cold War continued. First time the U.S. entered into a military alliance with other nations during peacetime.
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
Soviet Union response to NATO – created with its own satellite countries. Used to justify the Soviet Union’s interference in the affairs of Eastern Europe.
WARSAW PACT
Korea was ruled by Japan in 1945 – when Japan surrendered those above the 38th parallel surrendered to the Soviets and below it to the Americans – two nations developed. North Korea attacked South Korea in 1950. UN forces (mostly American) defended S. Korea. After a year of back and forth fighting, a cease fire was issued. Two years later an armistice was signed at Panmunjom, a city in the demilitarized zone. Korea is still two nations divided at the 38th parallel.
KOREAN WAR
Created by Truman to conduct investigations of government employees and dismiss those that were found to be disloyal to the U.S. government.
LOYALTY BOARDS
Term used to refer to the antiCommunist hysteria of the 1950s or accusing people of disloyalty without evidence. Name comes from Joseph McCarthy a senator who charged that communists were taking over the government. He created a “witch hunt” for Communists.
MCARTHYISM
