Unit 1A : Natural Hazards Flashcards
Includes - Chile+Nepal
What is a natural hazard ?
A natural Process that could cause death , injury or disruption to humans/
What is a natural disaster?
a natural hazard that has already actually happened
What are the two main types of natural hazard?
geological - caused by land and tectonic processes
Meterorlogical - Caused by weather and climate
List the 3 different types of plate margins
Destructive plate margin
Constructive
Conservative
How do volcanoes form at Destructive plate boundaries ?
Denser Oceanic Crust subducts under the less dense Continental
Oceanic Crust melts into molten rock
Erupts as viscous lava
Violent Eruptions
Forms a composite Volcano because the viscous lava does not flow very far before it solidifies.
What kind of volcano is formed at a destructive plate boundary ?
composite – Steep sides as the lava doesn’t flow very far before it solidifies—Viscous lava solidifes quickly
How do volcanoes form at constructive plate boundaries?
Plate Boundaries move away from eachother
magma rises through the gap
has a less exploive eruption
Runny - non viscous lava that Gentle sides as the
lava flows for long distances before it solidifies.
What kind of volcano is formed at a constructive plate boundary ?
Shield volcano- non- viscous runny lava that forms gentle sloped siled volcanoes
What is a pyroclastic flow ?
A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of 100 km/h
Name two Case studies that you have studied about Earthquakes ?
Chile
Nepal
When was the Nepal earthquake?
25th April 2015
What is the GDP per capita of Nepal(LIC)?
Low- US 690 dollars
What magnitude was the Nepal ?
7.8
How many people died in Nepal?
9000
how many people were injured in Nepal?
22000
An estimated _______buildings were destroyed
800,000
The cost of damage in Nepal was over _ billion dollars
5 billion
The Nepal Earthquake triggered avalanches on Mt Everest which killed
18 people
A lack of clean water caused an outbreak of
typhus
the tyhpus outbreak in nepal killed
13 people
The red Cross was sent to Nepal for emergecny shelters . How many were set up?
130,000
Charities such as Oxfam provided….
medicine , food and water supllies
Why was Nepal’s immediate and long term response worse ?
they are an LIC - lesss capacity to cope , more vulnerable
When was the Chile earthquake ?
27th Feb 2010
What is the GDP per capita of Chile(HIC) ?
16,265.10 USD
What was the magnitude of the earthquake?
8.8 on Ricter Scale
how many people were killed an injured in Chile ?
500 killed
12000 injured
22,000 homes were destroyed , How many schools?
4500 schools were destroyed
What is the estimated cost of the Chile Earthquake?
30 billion
Landslides were triggered by the earthquake and caused _____km of road to be damanged
1500km
What can be used for hazard monitoring ?
A tiltmeter , Satalites , thermal imaging
What can be used for hazard prediction?
Earthquakes cannot be predicted
Volanic erupitions can be predicted
What can be used for hazard protection?
Building deisgn.
Tuned Mass Dampner
Cross Bracing
Reinforced Concrete
Automatic Shut off swtiches
What is Hazard planning?
hazard map , Emergency Route planning , Tokyo Bosai
list reasons why people would choose to live near hazards?
- Already effective monitering
2.Minerals from volcanic ash makes soil fertile - Too poor to move
- Infrequency of events
