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Geography > Unit 1A : Natural Hazards > Flashcards

Unit 1A : Natural Hazards Flashcards

Includes - Chile+Nepal

1
Q

What is a natural hazard ?

A

A natural Process that could cause death , injury or disruption to humans/

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2
Q

What is a natural disaster?

A

a natural hazard that has already actually happened

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3
Q

What are the two main types of natural hazard?

A

geological - caused by land and tectonic processes
Meterorlogical - Caused by weather and climate

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4
Q

List the 3 different types of plate margins

A

Destructive plate margin
Constructive
Conservative

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5
Q

How do volcanoes form at Destructive plate boundaries ?

A

Denser Oceanic Crust subducts under the less dense Continental
Oceanic Crust melts into molten rock
Erupts as viscous lava
Violent Eruptions
Forms a composite Volcano because the viscous lava does not flow very far before it solidifies.

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6
Q

What kind of volcano is formed at a destructive plate boundary ?

A

composite – Steep sides as the lava doesn’t flow very far before it solidifies—Viscous lava solidifes quickly

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7
Q

How do volcanoes form at constructive plate boundaries?

A

Plate Boundaries move away from eachother
magma rises through the gap
has a less exploive eruption
Runny - non viscous lava that Gentle sides as the
lava flows for long distances before it solidifies.

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8
Q

What kind of volcano is formed at a constructive plate boundary ?

A

Shield volcano- non- viscous runny lava that forms gentle sloped siled volcanoes

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9
Q

What is a pyroclastic flow ?

A

A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of 100 km/h

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10
Q

Name two Case studies that you have studied about Earthquakes ?

A

Chile
Nepal

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11
Q

When was the Nepal earthquake?

A

25th April 2015

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12
Q

What is the GDP per capita of Nepal(LIC)?

A

Low- US 690 dollars

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13
Q

What magnitude was the Nepal ?

A

7.8

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13
Q

How many people died in Nepal?

A

9000

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14
Q

how many people were injured in Nepal?

A

22000

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15
Q

An estimated _______buildings were destroyed

A

800,000

15
Q

The cost of damage in Nepal was over _ billion dollars

A

5 billion

16
Q

The Nepal Earthquake triggered avalanches on Mt Everest which killed

A

18 people

17
Q

A lack of clean water caused an outbreak of

A

typhus

18
Q

the tyhpus outbreak in nepal killed

A

13 people

19
Q

The red Cross was sent to Nepal for emergecny shelters . How many were set up?

A

130,000

20
Q

Charities such as Oxfam provided….

A

medicine , food and water supllies

21
Q

Why was Nepal’s immediate and long term response worse ?

A

they are an LIC - lesss capacity to cope , more vulnerable

22
Q

When was the Chile earthquake ?

A

27th Feb 2010

23
Q

What is the GDP per capita of Chile(HIC) ?

A

16,265.10 USD

24
Q

What was the magnitude of the earthquake?

A

8.8 on Ricter Scale

25
Q

how many people were killed an injured in Chile ?

A

500 killed
12000 injured

26
Q

22,000 homes were destroyed , How many schools?

A

4500 schools were destroyed

27
Q

What is the estimated cost of the Chile Earthquake?

A

30 billion

28
Q

Landslides were triggered by the earthquake and caused _____km of road to be damanged

A

1500km

28
Q

What can be used for hazard monitoring ?

A

A tiltmeter , Satalites , thermal imaging

29
Q

What can be used for hazard prediction?

A

Earthquakes cannot be predicted
Volanic erupitions can be predicted

30
Q

What can be used for hazard protection?

A

Building deisgn.
Tuned Mass Dampner
Cross Bracing
Reinforced Concrete
Automatic Shut off swtiches

31
Q

What is Hazard planning?

A

hazard map , Emergency Route planning , Tokyo Bosai

32
Q

list reasons why people would choose to live near hazards?

A
  1. Already effective monitering
    2.Minerals from volcanic ash makes soil fertile
  2. Too poor to move
  3. Infrequency of events

Geography (5 decks)

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