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Unit 1a-eye Flashcards

1
Q

Inter/Post Uveitis Tx

A

Systemic, corticosteroids..STEROIDS to reduce inflammation! REFER to ophthalmologist

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2
Q

Chr. Glaucoma. Tx

A

Eye drop, beta-adrenergic blockers (eye drops to reduce fluid), laser therapy. The GOAL-reduce pressure, increase outflow of aqueous fluid.

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3
Q

Infection from local facial or eyelid injuries (chalazion, conjunctivitis)

A

Periorbital cellulitis

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4
Q

Is there a treatment for subconjunctival hemorrhage?

A

No

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5
Q

Hard eye

A

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

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7
Q

Characterized by abnormal new vessel formation.

Neovascularization

A

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

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8
Q

ARMD key points

A

Whites, elderly (common cause of blindness)

Drusen!

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9
Q

How would you diagnose fungal keratitis?

A

Corneal Scraping of Culture

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11
Q

What is the most common form of ARMD?

A

Dry

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12
Q

A patient is watching a movie in a dark theater and suddenly sees halos around lights, extreme pain and nausea?

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

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13
Q

Chronic Glaucoma Diagnosis

A

Consistent and reproducible abnormalities in at least 2-

  • optic disk (cupping) or retinal nerve fiber layer
  • visual field
  • intraocular pressure
  • usually found on screening eye exam
  • find pressure in eyes (IOP)
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14
Q

Congenital Cataract Symptoms

A

A symptomatic

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15
Q

Symptoms include surface irritation and diplopia

A

Thyroid Eye Disease

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16
Q

Acute Angle-closure glaucoma symptoms

A 
Extreme pain
blurred vision-usually with "halos around lights"
nausea
abdominal pain
headache
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17
Q

Primary cause of acute-angle-closure glaucoma

A

Results from closure of preexisting narrow anterior chamber angle; result of aging

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18
Q

Fundoscopy

A

ARMD

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20
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness in patients older than 65 in developing countries?

A

Age-related Macular Degeneration

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21
Q

Sudden, painless, profound monocular visual loss (maybe lasts minutes)

A

Retinal Arterial Occlusion

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22
Q

Leading cause of blindness in developing countries

A

Age related Macular Degeneration

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23
Q

Is damage from ARMD reversible

A

No

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24
Q

Wet ARMD Tx

A 
Supplements.
Injection of growth factor
Thermal laser photocoagulation of neovascularization outside the fovea may prevent severe vision loss.
Laser treatment.
Steroids
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24
Q

What do you use to diagnose blepharitis?

A

Slit-lamp exam

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25
Q

Symptom: Watering

A

Inadequate tear drainage: lacrimal drainage obstruction.

Any disturbance of corneal epithelium

Allergic eye disease.

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26
Q

Cataract Etiology

A

age related

Or

Congenital: drugs in 1st trimester (tetracycline), maternal malnutrition, metabolic disease in mother, intrauterine infection

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27
What is ptosis
Upper eyelid droops
27
How do you treat hyphema?
Bed rest, elevation, eye shield.
29
What is a corneal injury involving contact with plants?
Fungal Keratitis
30
Eye bulging
Proptosis
30
Is there a treatment for lens dislocation?
No. Permanent. Need glasses.
31
Obstructed anterior chamber angle and increased IOP.
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma.
32
What do you do if you see copious discharge in the conjunctiva?
Gonococcal Conjunctivitis: 1g dose of IM ceftriaxone. Screen for STDs. Chlamydia treatment.
32
How do you treat chronic glaucoma?
Eye drops. Reduce pressure! Beta-adrenergic. Blockers.
35
Leading cause of world blindness
Cataract.
37
Risk Factors for Catarcts
``` Aging Smoking UV sun exposure Diabetes Prolonged steroid exposure Positive Family History Alcohol ```
38
Uveitis Exam-posterior
Bilateral cells in the vitreous humor. You will see dilation around the pupils
39
WET ARMD cause
Not totally sure, new vessels are leaky, accumulations of serous fluid, hemorrhage, and fibrosis
40
How do you treat graves ophthalmology?
Corticosteroids
42
Retinal Detachment Tx
The goal is to maintain the position of the retina. Not all tears are treated. Treat underlying disorder instead. Medications taken to maintain position SURGERY
43
All else seems normal, but can's see fundal details and their is blood in front of the retina.
Vitreous Hemorrhage
44
Patients sees a "shower of floaters"
Retinal Detachment
44
Exam shows: Swollen optic disc Flame shape hemorrhage Temporal disc Marcus-Gunn Pupil
Optic Neuritis
45
How do you treat viral conjunctivitis?
Cold compress. Sometimes sulfa drops to prevent secondary bacterial infection.
46
Background retinopathy.
Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy
48
Uveitis Symptoms
Decreased visual acuity/ Paint Photophobia Blurry Vision
49
Rapid vision loss (days to weeks), unilateral, visual distortion. "Straight lines appear crooked"
Wet ARMD
50
Fundoscopy shows a RED FOVEA
Retinal Arterial Occlusion
51
Cause of Chronic glaucoma
90% of cases, intraocular pressure is elevated to to reduced drainage of aqueous fluid (water backed up)
53
Acute-angle-closure glaucoma Exam
``` Red Eye cloudy cornea pupil dilated and not reactive to light intraocular pressure> 50 mm HG "hard eye" ```
54
Eye condition connected to auto-immune disorder, especially rheumatologist
Uveitis
55
Symptoms include blurred vision, black spots, flashing lights, sudden severe vision loss.
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
57
You see corneal laceration, aqueous humor leaking, shallow anterior chamber, irregular pupil...what do you suspect?
Globe laceration
58
What happens to visual acuity in retinal detachment?
20/200 or worse
59
For Optic Neuritis would you order an MRI or CT?
MRI
62
What involves crusting, bleeding, scarring along the midline of the face and tip of the nose?
Herpes Zoster Opthalmicus
63
Vision loss progressing from slight visual field loss to complete blindness
Chronic Glaucoma
64
Glaucoma common in Inuits and Eastern Asians
Chronic angle-closure glaucoma-flow of aqueous fluid into anterior chamber is obstructed
65
Chronic Glaucoma Symptoms
Early disease-asymptomatic Loss of peripheral vision-may progress to tunnel vision Bumping into objects (due to peripheral vision loss)
66
Pooping, delivery, coughin.
Vitreous hemorrhage
67
Clinical and orbital imaging abnormalities caused by deposition of mucopolysaccharides and infiltration with chronic inflammatory cells of the orbital tissues, particularly the extraocular muscles.
Thyroid Eye Disease
68
When to refer acute angle-closure glaucoma?
Any patient, must be referred emergently to an ophthalmologist
69
Cataract TX
Surgery
70
Marcus-Gunn Pupil
Optic Neuritis
71
"Bleeding within the eye"
Vitreous Hemorrhage
72
"Box-Car" segmentation
Retinal arterial occlusion
72
What should you avoid with hyphema?
Aspirin
74
Uveitis Exam-Anterior
Conjunctival vessel dilation, ciliary flush, small pupil size of affected eye, hypoopyon, KP precipitates (Keratitis) on posterior surface of cornea
76
What is another word for cross eyes?
Strabismus
77
What can cause subconjunctival hemorrhage?
Sudden sneezing. Straining.
78
Progressive loss of central vision (years), painless, bilateral
Dry ARMD
78
What is an infection of the lacrimal sac from blocking of the nasolacrimal system?
Dacrocystitis
79
Cataract Key Points
No pain or redness Lens opacity Gradually progressive blurred vision
79
May be cause by pooping, birth, coughing
Vitreous hemorrhage
80
What is an inflammation of the conjunctiva?
Conjunctivitis
81
Cataract Exam-Congenital
Lens opacity w/in 3 months. First sign is loss of light reflex. MUST RULE OUT TUMOR! The big things with kids with a white lens is cancer..See white reflection in photo of infant. Usually found in newborns
81
Retinal Detachment Exam
Slit Lamp exam (focuses on eye structures in great detail with single lens beam) Dilated fundus exam with opthamoloscope exam
81
Vitreous Hemorrhage Etiology
``` Retinal tear. Retinal vein occlusion. Retinal Vasculitis Blood dyspraxia (diseases that cause bleeding) Hemorrhage Sever Straining Trauma ```
81
Rapid unilateral vision loss. Straight lines appear crooked
WET ARMD
82
Patients sees a "curtain coming across vision"
Retinal detachment
83
Cupping of the optic disc
Chronic Glaucoma
87
Intraocular pressure of chronic glaucoma
Elevated
88
Eye condition more common in developing countries, TB is a big cause.
Uveitis
90
What is an anterior chamber hemorrhage?
Hyphema
91
What are the two stages of ARMD?
Dry and Wet
92
Congenital cataracts are caused by what?
Drugs in 1st trimester. Maternal malnutrition
92
If you find congenital cataract in infant what should you do?
Must rule on tumor.
94
How do you diagnose vitreous hemorrhage?
Ultrasound. Labs. CHeck for bleeding disorders CT for injury.
95
Chronic Glaucoma Manifestations
Cupping of the optic disc
99
Acute Angle-closure glaucoma TX
Oral diuretics to pull water out, laser peripheral iridotomy.
100
What are the symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis and how is different from viral?
Purulent discharge, mild discomfort vs. watery discharge.
101
You see white rings in the cornea and patient has a lot of pain.
Acanthamoeba Keratitis
101
What is an inflamed temporal artery?
Giant cell Arteritis
102
Drusen
Yellow deposits under the retina, fatty protein, do not cause ARMD but increase the risk
105
What is a leakage of blood into the area in and around the vitreous humor of the eye?
Vitreous hemorrhage
106
Uveitis Exam-Intermediate
SNOWBALLS
106
Anterior Uveitis Treatment
Topical steroids, injected steroids, pupil dilation
106
Eye redness with pain and blurred vision.
Uveitis
107
Sudden visual loss, abrupt onset of floaters that may progressively increase in severity.
Vitreous Hemorrhage
107
A big sign is proptosis
Graves Opthalmology
108
Cataract Symptoms-age related
Age related-decreased visual acuity, blurry vision, "ghosting" images, problems with vision in any lighting condition, glare esp w/night driving falls
112
Infection of orbital tissues.
Orbital Cellulitis
112
Symptom: Scratching and Burning
Dryness of eye. Sjögren's disease Drugs Ocular surface disease Dry environment
113
How do you treat Orbital Cellulitis?
Meningitis-dose antibiotics. Surgery. CT or MRI and blood cultures
114
Dry ARMD Exam
Fundoscopy, changes in the retinal pigment epithelium, drusen( yellow deposits under the retina, fatty protein)
115
Cataract Exam-Age Related
Lens opacity
116
How could you support someone with ARMD
Magnifiers, high powered reading glasses, large computer monitors, large print software
117
What is a cataract?
Opacity or discoloration of the lens
118
Retinal Detachment Etiology
Separation of the inner layer..push or pulled. Traction, tumors, trauma..things that create fluid!
120
Who is more likely to have Age Related Macular Degeneration?
White females (possibly because they live longer?)
121
Vitreous Hemorrhage Tx
Refer to ophthalmologist. Rest with head elevated Patches over eye to reduce movement. Avoid taking mess that cause blood thinning.
122
Wet ARMD exam
Subretinal fluid, appearing as localized retinal elevation. Retinal edema Gray-Green discoloration under the macula. Detachment of retinal pigment epithelium Test for defects in center of vision. May use an Amsler grid.
124
Caused by damage of blood vessels in the back of the eye (near the retina)
Diabetic retinopathy
125
What is deterioration of the central portion of the retina?
ARMD age related macular degeneration
127
Cupping of Optic Disc
Chronic Glaucoma
128
Leading Cause of World Blindness
Cataract
130
How do you treat chronic dacryocystitis?
Warm compresses and systemic antibiotics.
131
DRY ARMD cause
Atrophy and degeneration of the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium
132
Acute angle-closure key points
Older, particularly farsighted, rapid onset of severe pain, profound visual loss with "halos around lights", red eye, cloudy cornea, dilated pupil, hard eye.
132
What is a good tx for ARMD?
Irreversible, daily supplements may help from advancing
132
Double Vision. Pain on eye movement. Pain around eyes. Ptosis Headache
Ocular Motor Palsies
133
Risk factors for Acute angle-disclosure glaucoma
Family history, advanced age, ethnicity (Asian and Inuit)
134
What are the symptoms of viral conjunctivitis?
Copious watery discharge. Feels like a foreign body in eye.
135
Vitreous Hemorrhage Exam
Visual acuity from 20/20 to light perception. Light not inflamed. CLUES!-inability to see fundal details or localized collection of blood in front of the retina.
136
What is the etiology of ARMD?
Age, genetic variants, family history, smoking, cardio disease, hypertension, obesity, sun exposure
138
Intraocular Inflammation (fluid pressure in the eye) Use tonometry to determine.
Uveitis
139
ARMD Tx
Dietary supplements, refer, growth factors or laser to for wet ARMD
139
What is the most common infectious cause of blindness worldwide?
Trachoma
140
Most common form of glaucoma
Chronic Glaucoma
142
Who is more likely to get ARMD?
White Females
143
Age related (90%)
Cataract
146
Arteriovenous nicking. Copper wiring Silver wiring
Hypertensive retinopathy
148
Noticed upon wakening
retinal occlusion
149
Uveitis Etiology
``` Immunologic- auto-immune disorders Infections Neoplasm Idiopathic Isolated Eye Disease Medications Toxins Trauma ```
150
"Halos around lights" and severe rapid onset of pain
Acute angle-closure glaucoma BIG SIGNS
151
How do you treat infectious keratitis?
High concentration of topical antibiotic drops applied hourly daily and night for at least the first 48 hours.
153
How do diagnose blow out fracture?
CT
154
What usually causes acute dacrocystitis?
Staph. Aureus
155
Sudden visual loss. "Bleeding in eye" Abrupt floaters
Vitreous hemorrhage
156
Symptoms: Itching
Allergic Eye Disease Blepharitis Contact lens induced conjunctivitis
157
Anterior Uveitis Symptoms
Acute, deep eye pain, consensual photophobia (pain in affected eye when light is shone in unaffected eye)
158
Is Acute Angle-closure glaucoma progressive or rapid
Typically rapid!
161
What do you use to treat corneal abrasion?
Bacitracin
163
Acute Angle-closure glaucoma etiology
Factors that either pull or push the iris up into the angle, physically blocking drainage of aqueous and raising IOP.
164
Vitreous Hemorrhage Diagnosis
Eye exam w/ pupil dilation Ultrasound of the eye Labs for underlying causes (such as bleeding disorders) CT for injury.
165
Which kind of blepharitis is usually an allergic reaction?
Acute Nonulcerative.
166
How would you treat persistent acute nonulcerative blepharitis?
Topical Corticosteroids
167
Giant Cell Arteritis
Retinal Arterial Occlusion
168
What do you use to treat acute angle closure glaucoma?
Diuretics-to pull water out.
169
What is the most common virus that causes viral conjunctivitis?
Adenovirus.
170
Strongly associated with demyelination disease (MS)
Optic Neuritis
171
Intermediate/posterior uveitis symptoms
Gradual onset, unresolving floaters, commonly bilateral
173
Monocular vision loss, with periorbital pain with eye movement. Brow ache and globe tenderness. Recent flu like illness
Optic Neuritis
175
Chronic Glaucoma Key points
No symptoms in early stages. Insidious progressive bilateral loss of peripheral vision. TUNNEL VISION-but preserved visual acuities until advanced disease
180
Key points of retinal detachment
Curtain across vision NO PAIN or REDNESS Unilateral. Rapid
181
When to refer?
Sudden vision loss in uninflamed or inflamed eye.
183
What is eyelid echhymosis?
Black eye
184
"Halos around lights" with PAIN
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
185
Star shaped exudates
Diabetic Retinopathy
189
Retinal Detachment Symptoms
Sudden Flashes "photopsia" Shower of floaters Visual field loss "curtain coming across vision" Central vision preserved if macula not detached Visual acuity 20/200 or worse
190
Double blurred vision
Acute glaucoma
191
No pain or redness, but rapid unilateral vision loss, with "curtain" spreading over eyes. Sees floaters.
Retinal Detachment
192
How would you treat Optic Neuritis?
Corticosteroids. Low-vision aids
193
More common in developing world.
Uveitis
195
Graves Ophthalmology
Thyroid Eye Disease
196
Infection of EYELID and SURROUNDING SKIN
Periorbital Cellulitis
197
TB is a big cause.
Uveitis
199
Microanuerysms
Noproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
200
Most of an extension of infection from adjacent sinuses
Orbital Cellulitis
203
How would you treat fungal keratitis?
Topical or systemic antifungal
208
"Curtain coming across vision"
Retinal detachment
215
Cotton-wool spots in fundoscopy
Retinal vein occlusion
217
The problem is "blockage of the flow in"
Chronic Glaucoma
218
What is leakage of blood into the areas in and around the vitreous humor of the eye?
Vitreous hemorrhage
223
When should you refer a patient with acute angle-closure glaucoma?
Emergently!
224
What is an open sore in the cornea?
Corneal Ulcer
226
When to hospitalize TIA?
Crescendo TIA
229
What form is most ARMD?
Dry
230
Curtain passing vertically.C
TIA
234
Dietary supplements
ARMD
235
You see snowballs.
Intermediate Uveitis
237
Red Eye. Cloudy Cornea Pupil Nonreactive to Light High IOP Hard EYe.
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
238
Eye not Finland. Can't see fundal details or see localized collection of blood in front of retina
Vitreous Hemorrhage
239
You see Drusen
Dry ARMD
242
What is the Herpes Simplex Virus causes viral conjunctivitis?
Treat with antiviral gel.
244
What is the most common eye disease?
Conjunctivitis
247
Raised yellowish white mass within bulbar conjunctiva?
Pinguecala
255
Upon exam you notice multiple stromal abscesses, what might this be?
Fungal Keratitis.
257
Patients have unresolved floaters in both eyes, with pain and blurry vision.
Intermediate/posterior uveitis.
265
Fleshy triangular growth of bulbar conjunctiva. Decrease vision and foreign body sensation
Pterygium
273
How do you treat bacterial conjunctivitis?
Oral antibiotic or topical sulfonamide.
284
Which kind of blepharitis is usually secondary to staphylococcal or herpes virus infection?
Acute ulcerative.
289
Often associated with meibomian gland dysfunction or seborrheic dermatitis.
Chronic Blepharitis.

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