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Fun Med > Unit 1a-eye > Flashcards

Unit 1a-eye Flashcards

1
Q

Inter/Post Uveitis Tx

A

Systemic, corticosteroids..STEROIDS to reduce inflammation! REFER to ophthalmologist

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2
Q

Chr. Glaucoma. Tx

A

Eye drop, beta-adrenergic blockers (eye drops to reduce fluid), laser therapy. The GOAL-reduce pressure, increase outflow of aqueous fluid.

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3
Q

Infection from local facial or eyelid injuries (chalazion, conjunctivitis)

A

Periorbital cellulitis

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4
Q

Is there a treatment for subconjunctival hemorrhage?

A

No

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5
Q

Hard eye

A

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

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7
Q

Characterized by abnormal new vessel formation.

Neovascularization

A

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

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8
Q

ARMD key points

A

Whites, elderly (common cause of blindness)

Drusen!

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9
Q

How would you diagnose fungal keratitis?

A

Corneal Scraping of Culture

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11
Q

What is the most common form of ARMD?

A

Dry

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12
Q

A patient is watching a movie in a dark theater and suddenly sees halos around lights, extreme pain and nausea?

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

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13
Q

Chronic Glaucoma Diagnosis

A

Consistent and reproducible abnormalities in at least 2-

  • optic disk (cupping) or retinal nerve fiber layer
  • visual field
  • intraocular pressure
  • usually found on screening eye exam
  • find pressure in eyes (IOP)
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14
Q

Congenital Cataract Symptoms

A

A symptomatic

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15
Q

Symptoms include surface irritation and diplopia

A

Thyroid Eye Disease

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16
Q

Acute Angle-closure glaucoma symptoms

A 
Extreme pain
blurred vision-usually with "halos around lights"
nausea
abdominal pain
headache
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17
Q

Primary cause of acute-angle-closure glaucoma

A

Results from closure of preexisting narrow anterior chamber angle; result of aging

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18
Q

Fundoscopy

A

ARMD

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20
Q

What is the leading cause of blindness in patients older than 65 in developing countries?

A

Age-related Macular Degeneration

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21
Q

Sudden, painless, profound monocular visual loss (maybe lasts minutes)

A

Retinal Arterial Occlusion

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22
Q

Leading cause of blindness in developing countries

A

Age related Macular Degeneration

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23
Q

Is damage from ARMD reversible

A

No

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24
Q

Wet ARMD Tx

A 
Supplements.
Injection of growth factor
Thermal laser photocoagulation of neovascularization outside the fovea may prevent severe vision loss.
Laser treatment.
Steroids
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24
Q

What do you use to diagnose blepharitis?

A

Slit-lamp exam

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25
Q

Symptom: Watering

A

Inadequate tear drainage: lacrimal drainage obstruction.

Any disturbance of corneal epithelium

Allergic eye disease.

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26
Q

Cataract Etiology

A

age related

Or

Congenital: drugs in 1st trimester (tetracycline), maternal malnutrition, metabolic disease in mother, intrauterine infection

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27
Q

What is ptosis

A

Upper eyelid droops

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27
Q

How do you treat hyphema?

A

Bed rest, elevation, eye shield.

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29
Q

What is a corneal injury involving contact with plants?

A

Fungal Keratitis

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30
Q

Eye bulging

A

Proptosis

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30
Q

Is there a treatment for lens dislocation?

A

No. Permanent. Need glasses.

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31
Q

Obstructed anterior chamber angle and increased IOP.

A

Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma.

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32
Q

What do you do if you see copious discharge in the conjunctiva?

A

Gonococcal Conjunctivitis: 1g dose of IM ceftriaxone.

Screen for STDs.

Chlamydia treatment.

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32
Q

How do you treat chronic glaucoma?

A

Eye drops. Reduce pressure! Beta-adrenergic. Blockers.

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35
Q

Leading cause of world blindness

A

Cataract.

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37
Q

Risk Factors for Catarcts

A 
Aging
Smoking
UV sun exposure
Diabetes
Prolonged steroid exposure
Positive Family History 
Alcohol
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38
Q

Uveitis Exam-posterior

A

Bilateral cells in the vitreous humor. You will see dilation around the pupils

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39
Q

WET ARMD cause

A

Not totally sure, new vessels are leaky, accumulations of serous fluid, hemorrhage, and fibrosis

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40
Q

How do you treat graves ophthalmology?

A

Corticosteroids

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42
Q

Retinal Detachment Tx

A

The goal is to maintain the position of the retina. Not all tears are treated. Treat underlying disorder instead. Medications taken to maintain position

SURGERY

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43
Q

All else seems normal, but can’s see fundal details and their is blood in front of the retina.

A

Vitreous Hemorrhage

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44
Q

Patients sees a “shower of floaters”

A

Retinal Detachment

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44
Q

Exam shows:

Swollen optic disc

Flame shape hemorrhage

Temporal disc

Marcus-Gunn Pupil

A

Optic Neuritis

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45
Q

How do you treat viral conjunctivitis?

A

Cold compress.

Sometimes sulfa drops to prevent secondary bacterial infection.

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46
Q

Background retinopathy.

A

Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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48
Q

Uveitis Symptoms

A

Decreased visual acuity/
Paint
Photophobia
Blurry Vision

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49
Q

Rapid vision loss (days to weeks), unilateral, visual distortion. “Straight lines appear crooked”

A

Wet ARMD

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50
Q

Fundoscopy shows a RED FOVEA

A

Retinal Arterial Occlusion

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51
Q

Cause of Chronic glaucoma

A

90% of cases, intraocular pressure is elevated to to reduced drainage of aqueous fluid (water backed up)

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53
Q

Acute-angle-closure glaucoma Exam

A 
Red Eye
cloudy cornea
pupil dilated and not reactive to light
intraocular pressure> 50 mm HG
"hard eye"
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54
Q

Eye condition connected to auto-immune disorder, especially rheumatologist

A

Uveitis

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55
Q

Symptoms include blurred vision, black spots, flashing lights, sudden severe vision loss.

A

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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57
Q

You see corneal laceration, aqueous humor leaking, shallow anterior chamber, irregular pupil…what do you suspect?

A

Globe laceration

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58
Q

What happens to visual acuity in retinal detachment?

A

20/200 or worse

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59
Q

For Optic Neuritis would you order an MRI or CT?

A

MRI

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62
Q

What involves crusting, bleeding, scarring along the midline of the face and tip of the nose?

A

Herpes Zoster Opthalmicus

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63
Q

Vision loss progressing from slight visual field loss to complete blindness

A

Chronic Glaucoma

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64
Q

Glaucoma common in Inuits and Eastern Asians

A

Chronic angle-closure glaucoma-flow of aqueous fluid into anterior chamber is obstructed

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65
Q

Chronic Glaucoma Symptoms

A

Early disease-asymptomatic
Loss of peripheral vision-may progress to tunnel vision
Bumping into objects (due to peripheral vision loss)

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66
Q

Pooping, delivery, coughin.

A

Vitreous hemorrhage

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67
Q

Clinical and orbital imaging abnormalities caused by deposition of mucopolysaccharides and infiltration with chronic inflammatory cells of the orbital tissues, particularly the extraocular muscles.

A

Thyroid Eye Disease

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68
Q

When to refer acute angle-closure glaucoma?

A

Any patient, must be referred emergently to an ophthalmologist

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69
Q

Cataract TX

A

Surgery

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70
Q

Marcus-Gunn Pupil

A

Optic Neuritis

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71
Q

“Bleeding within the eye”

A

Vitreous Hemorrhage

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72
Q

“Box-Car” segmentation

A

Retinal arterial occlusion

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72
Q

What should you avoid with hyphema?

A

Aspirin

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74
Q

Uveitis Exam-Anterior

A

Conjunctival vessel dilation, ciliary flush, small pupil size of affected eye, hypoopyon, KP precipitates (Keratitis) on posterior surface of cornea

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76
Q

What is another word for cross eyes?

A

Strabismus

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77
Q

What can cause subconjunctival hemorrhage?

A

Sudden sneezing. Straining.

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78
Q

Progressive loss of central vision (years), painless, bilateral

A

Dry ARMD

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78
Q

What is an infection of the lacrimal sac from blocking of the nasolacrimal system?

A

Dacrocystitis

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79
Q

Cataract Key Points

A

No pain or redness
Lens opacity
Gradually progressive blurred vision

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79
Q

May be cause by pooping, birth, coughing

A

Vitreous hemorrhage

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80
Q

What is an inflammation of the conjunctiva?

A

Conjunctivitis

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81
Q

Cataract Exam-Congenital

A

Lens opacity w/in 3 months. First sign is loss of light reflex. MUST RULE OUT TUMOR! The big things with kids with a white lens is cancer..See white reflection in photo of infant. Usually found in newborns

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81
Q

Retinal Detachment Exam

A

Slit Lamp exam (focuses on eye structures in great detail with single lens beam)

Dilated fundus exam with opthamoloscope exam

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81
Q

Vitreous Hemorrhage Etiology

A 
Retinal tear.
Retinal vein occlusion.
Retinal Vasculitis
Blood dyspraxia (diseases that cause bleeding)
Hemorrhage
Sever Straining
Trauma
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81
Q

Rapid unilateral vision loss.

Straight lines appear crooked

A

WET ARMD

82
Q

Patients sees a “curtain coming across vision”

A

Retinal detachment

83
Q

Cupping of the optic disc

A

Chronic Glaucoma

87
Q

Intraocular pressure of chronic glaucoma

A

Elevated

88
Q

Eye condition more common in developing countries, TB is a big cause.

A

Uveitis

90
Q

What is an anterior chamber hemorrhage?

A

Hyphema

91
Q

What are the two stages of ARMD?

A

Dry and Wet

92
Q

Congenital cataracts are caused by what?

A

Drugs in 1st trimester. Maternal malnutrition

92
Q

If you find congenital cataract in infant what should you do?

A

Must rule on tumor.

94
Q

How do you diagnose vitreous hemorrhage?

A

Ultrasound.

Labs.

CHeck for bleeding disorders

CT for injury.

95
Q

Chronic Glaucoma Manifestations

A

Cupping of the optic disc

99
Q

Acute Angle-closure glaucoma TX

A

Oral diuretics to pull water out, laser peripheral iridotomy.

100
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis and how is different from viral?

A

Purulent discharge, mild discomfort vs. watery discharge.

101
Q

You see white rings in the cornea and patient has a lot of pain.

A

Acanthamoeba Keratitis

101
Q

What is an inflamed temporal artery?

A

Giant cell Arteritis

102
Q

Drusen

A

Yellow deposits under the retina, fatty protein, do not cause ARMD but increase the risk

105
Q

What is a leakage of blood into the area in and around the vitreous humor of the eye?

A

Vitreous hemorrhage

106
Q

Uveitis Exam-Intermediate

A

SNOWBALLS

106
Q

Anterior Uveitis Treatment

A

Topical steroids, injected steroids, pupil dilation

106
Q

Eye redness with pain and blurred vision.

A

Uveitis

107
Q

Sudden visual loss, abrupt onset of floaters that may progressively increase in severity.

A

Vitreous Hemorrhage

107
Q

A big sign is proptosis

A

Graves Opthalmology

108
Q

Cataract Symptoms-age related

A

Age related-decreased visual acuity, blurry vision, “ghosting” images, problems with vision in any lighting condition, glare esp w/night driving falls

112
Q

Infection of orbital tissues.

A

Orbital Cellulitis

112
Q

Symptom: Scratching and Burning

A

Dryness of eye.

Sjögren’s disease

Drugs

Ocular surface disease

Dry environment

113
Q

How do you treat Orbital Cellulitis?

A

Meningitis-dose antibiotics.

Surgery.

CT or MRI and blood cultures

114
Q

Dry ARMD Exam

A

Fundoscopy, changes in the retinal pigment epithelium, drusen( yellow deposits under the retina, fatty protein)

115
Q

Cataract Exam-Age Related

A

Lens opacity

116
Q

How could you support someone with ARMD

A

Magnifiers, high powered reading glasses, large computer monitors, large print software

117
Q

What is a cataract?

A

Opacity or discoloration of the lens

118
Q

Retinal Detachment Etiology

A

Separation of the inner layer..push or pulled. Traction, tumors, trauma..things that create fluid!

120
Q

Who is more likely to have Age Related Macular Degeneration?

A

White females (possibly because they live longer?)

121
Q

Vitreous Hemorrhage Tx

A

Refer to ophthalmologist.
Rest with head elevated
Patches over eye to reduce movement.
Avoid taking mess that cause blood thinning.

122
Q

Wet ARMD exam

A

Subretinal fluid, appearing as localized retinal elevation.
Retinal edema
Gray-Green discoloration under the macula.
Detachment of retinal pigment epithelium
Test for defects in center of vision.
May use an Amsler grid.

124
Q

Caused by damage of blood vessels in the back of the eye (near the retina)

A

Diabetic retinopathy

125
Q

What is deterioration of the central portion of the retina?

A

ARMD age related macular degeneration

127
Q

Cupping of Optic Disc

A

Chronic Glaucoma

128
Q

Leading Cause of World Blindness

A

Cataract

130
Q

How do you treat chronic dacryocystitis?

A

Warm compresses and systemic antibiotics.

131
Q

DRY ARMD cause

A

Atrophy and degeneration of the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium

132
Q

Acute angle-closure key points

A

Older, particularly farsighted, rapid onset of severe pain, profound visual loss with “halos around lights”, red eye, cloudy cornea, dilated pupil, hard eye.

132
Q

What is a good tx for ARMD?

A

Irreversible, daily supplements may help from advancing

132
Q

Double Vision.

Pain on eye movement.

Pain around eyes.

Ptosis

Headache

A

Ocular Motor Palsies

133
Q

Risk factors for Acute angle-disclosure glaucoma

A

Family history, advanced age, ethnicity (Asian and Inuit)

134
Q

What are the symptoms of viral conjunctivitis?

A

Copious watery discharge.

Feels like a foreign body in eye.

135
Q

Vitreous Hemorrhage Exam

A

Visual acuity from 20/20 to light perception.
Light not inflamed.
CLUES!-inability to see fundal details or localized collection of blood in front of the retina.

136
Q

What is the etiology of ARMD?

A

Age, genetic variants, family history, smoking, cardio disease, hypertension, obesity, sun exposure

138
Q

Intraocular Inflammation (fluid pressure in the eye) Use tonometry to determine.

A

Uveitis

139
Q

ARMD Tx

A

Dietary supplements, refer, growth factors or laser to for wet ARMD

139
Q

What is the most common infectious cause of blindness worldwide?

A

Trachoma

140
Q

Most common form of glaucoma

A

Chronic Glaucoma

142
Q

Who is more likely to get ARMD?

A

White Females

143
Q

Age related (90%)

A

Cataract

146
Q

Arteriovenous nicking.

Copper wiring

Silver wiring

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

148
Q

Noticed upon wakening

A

retinal occlusion

149
Q

Uveitis Etiology

A 
Immunologic- auto-immune disorders
Infections
Neoplasm
Idiopathic
Isolated Eye Disease
Medications 
Toxins
Trauma
150
Q

“Halos around lights” and severe rapid onset of pain

A

Acute angle-closure glaucoma BIG SIGNS

151
Q

How do you treat infectious keratitis?

A

High concentration of topical antibiotic drops applied hourly daily and night for at least the first 48 hours.

153
Q

How do diagnose blow out fracture?

A

CT

154
Q

What usually causes acute dacrocystitis?

A

Staph. Aureus

155
Q

Sudden visual loss.

“Bleeding in eye”

Abrupt floaters

A

Vitreous hemorrhage

156
Q

Symptoms: Itching

A

Allergic Eye Disease

Blepharitis

Contact lens induced conjunctivitis

157
Q

Anterior Uveitis Symptoms

A

Acute, deep eye pain, consensual photophobia (pain in affected eye when light is shone in unaffected eye)

158
Q

Is Acute Angle-closure glaucoma progressive or rapid

A

Typically rapid!

161
Q

What do you use to treat corneal abrasion?

A

Bacitracin

163
Q

Acute Angle-closure glaucoma etiology

A

Factors that either pull or push the iris up into the angle, physically blocking drainage of aqueous and raising IOP.

164
Q

Vitreous Hemorrhage Diagnosis

A

Eye exam w/ pupil dilation
Ultrasound of the eye
Labs for underlying causes (such as bleeding disorders)
CT for injury.

165
Q

Which kind of blepharitis is usually an allergic reaction?

A

Acute Nonulcerative.

166
Q

How would you treat persistent acute nonulcerative blepharitis?

A

Topical Corticosteroids

167
Q

Giant Cell Arteritis

A

Retinal Arterial Occlusion

168
Q

What do you use to treat acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

Diuretics-to pull water out.

169
Q

What is the most common virus that causes viral conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus.

170
Q

Strongly associated with demyelination disease (MS)

A

Optic Neuritis

171
Q

Intermediate/posterior uveitis symptoms

A

Gradual onset, unresolving floaters, commonly bilateral

173
Q

Monocular vision loss, with periorbital pain with eye movement. Brow ache and globe tenderness.

Recent flu like illness

A

Optic Neuritis

175
Q

Chronic Glaucoma Key points

A

No symptoms in early stages.
Insidious progressive bilateral loss of peripheral vision. TUNNEL VISION-but preserved visual acuities until advanced disease

180
Q

Key points of retinal detachment

A

Curtain across vision

NO PAIN or REDNESS

Unilateral. Rapid

181
Q

When to refer?

A

Sudden vision loss in uninflamed or inflamed eye.

183
Q

What is eyelid echhymosis?

A

Black eye

184
Q

“Halos around lights” with PAIN

A

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

185
Q

Star shaped exudates

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

189
Q

Retinal Detachment Symptoms

A

Sudden Flashes “photopsia”
Shower of floaters
Visual field loss “curtain coming across vision”
Central vision preserved if macula not detached
Visual acuity 20/200 or worse

190
Q

Double blurred vision

A

Acute glaucoma

191
Q

No pain or redness, but rapid unilateral vision loss, with “curtain” spreading over eyes. Sees floaters.

A

Retinal Detachment

192
Q

How would you treat Optic Neuritis?

A

Corticosteroids.

Low-vision aids

193
Q

More common in developing world.

A

Uveitis

195
Q

Graves Ophthalmology

A

Thyroid Eye Disease

196
Q

Infection of EYELID and SURROUNDING SKIN

A

Periorbital Cellulitis

197
Q

TB is a big cause.

A

Uveitis

199
Q

Microanuerysms

A

Noproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

200
Q

Most of an extension of infection from adjacent sinuses

A

Orbital Cellulitis

203
Q

How would you treat fungal keratitis?

A

Topical or systemic antifungal

208
Q

“Curtain coming across vision”

A

Retinal detachment

215
Q

Cotton-wool spots in fundoscopy

A

Retinal vein occlusion

217
Q

The problem is “blockage of the flow in”

A

Chronic Glaucoma

218
Q

What is leakage of blood into the areas in and around the vitreous humor of the eye?

A

Vitreous hemorrhage

223
Q

When should you refer a patient with acute angle-closure glaucoma?

A

Emergently!

224
Q

What is an open sore in the cornea?

A

Corneal Ulcer

226
Q

When to hospitalize TIA?

A

Crescendo TIA

229
Q

What form is most ARMD?

A

Dry

230
Q

Curtain passing vertically.C

A

TIA

234
Q

Dietary supplements

A

ARMD

235
Q

You see snowballs.

A

Intermediate Uveitis

237
Q

Red Eye.

Cloudy Cornea

Pupil Nonreactive to Light

High IOP

Hard EYe.

A

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

238
Q

Eye not Finland.

Can’t see fundal details or see localized collection of blood in front of retina

A

Vitreous Hemorrhage

239
Q

You see Drusen

A

Dry ARMD

242
Q

What is the Herpes Simplex Virus causes viral conjunctivitis?

A

Treat with antiviral gel.

244
Q

What is the most common eye disease?

A

Conjunctivitis

247
Q

Raised yellowish white mass within bulbar conjunctiva?

A

Pinguecala

255
Q

Upon exam you notice multiple stromal abscesses, what might this be?

A

Fungal Keratitis.

257
Q

Patients have unresolved floaters in both eyes, with pain and blurry vision.

A

Intermediate/posterior uveitis.

265
Q

Fleshy triangular growth of bulbar conjunctiva. Decrease vision and foreign body sensation

A

Pterygium

273
Q

How do you treat bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Oral antibiotic or topical sulfonamide.

284
Q

Which kind of blepharitis is usually secondary to staphylococcal or herpes virus infection?

A

Acute ulcerative.

289
Q

Often associated with meibomian gland dysfunction or seborrheic dermatitis.

A

Chronic Blepharitis.

Fun Med (5 decks)

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