Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Fun Med > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

A cough lasting more than 5 days and up to 3-4 weeks. Viral

A

Acute bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Infection that leads to inflammation of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

A

Acute bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does one get rid of acute bronchitis?

A

Usually resolves itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

______ and________work together to remove inhaled particles from the lung.

A

Cough. Mucociliary apparatus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Risk factors for acute bronchitis

A

exposure to another person with acute bronchitis.

Smoking

Second hand smoke

> 2 yrs. Children 9-15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sx acute bronchitis

A

Cough (may or may not be productive). Fever. Fatigue. Chest pain w. deep breathing. URI sx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Exam findings for acute bronchitis.

A

Wheezing.

Rhonchi

Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Do you give antibiotics for acute bronchitis?

A

No-VIRAL!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tx. acute bronchitis

A

Supportive.

Cool mist humidifier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acute bronchitis most frequently found in________

A

children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acute bronchiolitis is most commonly caused by what virus?

A

respiratory synctial virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Edema and accumulated cellular debris cause what?

A

Obstruction of the airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acute bronchiolitis occurs most often in _____ and _______.

A

Infants (most common in first 2 years of life). Peak age-6 mo

Young children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Leading cause of infant hospitalization?

A

Acute bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is there a vaccine for RSV?

A

No, monthly shots of the prophylactic monoclonal antibody Palivizumab used seasonally. -for high risk children.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Risk factors for acute bronchiolitis

A

Smoking exposure. Age <3 mo.

Crowded living.

Low socioeconomic group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sx. acute bronchiolitis

A

Nasal flaring.

Wheezing.

Tachypnea.

Fine rales.

Tacycardia

Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diagnostic tests for acute bronchiolitis?

A

RSV rapid viral antigen testing!

CXR-may show lobar consolidation from a secondary infection. May show signs of hyperinflaction with scattered areas of consolidation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tx for acute bronchiolitis

A

Supportive care.

Bronchodilators

Nebulized hypertonic saline.

Nasal and oral suctioning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A broad spectrum antiviral agent used in severe cases of RSV.

A

Nebulized Ribavarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Severe______can result in pulsus paradoxus secondary to upper airway obstruction

A

Croup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

_______is a viral respiratory infection caused by Parainfluenza virus that involves a seal-like barking cough.

A

Croup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A “steeple” sign on a frontal chest X-ray is seen in______

A

croup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Narrowing of upper trachea and subglottis leads to characteristic _____sign on x-ray in patients with croup.

A

Steeple sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Croup is also known as ______
acute laryngotracheobronchitis
26
______of upper trachea and subglottis leads to characteristic steeple sign on x-ray in patients with croup.
Narrowing
27
Inspiratory is a classical sign of croup.
stridor
28
Viral infection of the larynx and trachea.
Croup
29
Tx for most pt's of Croup
Cool humidied air. Dexamethasone IM (single dose) single dose of nebulized racemic epinephrine.
30
Viral shedding in influenza continues for _________
5-10 days.
31
Most common type of influenza virus
A
32
Influenza viruses are part of the family of viruses.
orthomyxoviridae
33
The incubation period for influenza.
1-4 days
34
Diagnostic test to determine IF someone has influenza.
Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Test
35
Diagnostic test to determine WHICH strain of influenza a patient has.
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
36
Prescription antiviral meds for influenza.
Neuraminidase inhibitors (Oseltamivir, zanamivir, Peramivir). Must be given with 24-48 hrs of onset.
37
Reye syndrome
Associated w/aspirin use in the management of viral infections. Young children. Rapidly progressive hepatic failure and encephalopathy!
38
Sx Flu
Sudden fever. Fatigue. Myalgias. Sore throad. Runny nose. Watery/red eyes. GI sx associated with influenza B
39
Bacterial infection that affects airways lined with ciliated epithelium
Whooping cough
40
Pertussis is most commin in____________infants and adults.
Unimmuized
41
Most common cause of pertussis is_________.
Bordetella pertussis
42
What is the treatment of choice for all patients of pertussis?
Azithromycin
43
Diagnosis tool for pertussis that can be done in the office?
PCR assay
44
Criterion standard for diagnosing pertussis.
Nasopharyngeal swab for culture of B. pertussis.
45
What would you see on a CBC for pertussis?
Leukocytosis with absolute lymphocytosis
46
What phase of pertussis involves posttussive vomiting and turning red w. coughing and paroxysms of intense coughing lasting up to several minutes-followed by a whoop.
Paroxysmal phase.
47
TB is caused by what bacteria
Myobacterium tuberculosis
48
Myobacterium tuberculosis is a slow-growing ________
obligate aerobe
49
Granuloma with central caseastion necrosis
Tb lesion
50
First Step Diagnostic test for TB
Mantoux tuberculin skin test with purified protein derivative
51
A more specific test for TB
Interferon-gamma release assay
52
What might you see on a CXR of TB?
Caseating granuloma in the apical lung. Miliary ganulomas. Calcified granuloma + associated lymph node+GHON Complex
53
Tx of Active Tb for HIV negative patients
2 mo daily isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol
54
When can you release an isolated TB patient?
When there are no longer tubercle bacilli found on sputum on three consecutive smears taken on separate days
55
Exam of TB
Cervical lymphadenopathy and apical rales
56
Sx Tb
Malaise. Fever. Night sweats. Weight loss. Productive cough. Blood-streaked sputum
57
Ghon complex
calcified focus of infection and associated lympgh node
58
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
Pleural effusion
59
First questions you should ask when you suspect a pleural effusion.
What kind of fluid? How/why did it get where it is?
60
Clear fluid pushed in tho space from inc. pressure.
Transudate
61
“Thick gross” caused from increased capillary permeability.
Exudate
62
Emphysema
Plus
63
Main cause of trasudates
Heart failure
64
Main cause of exudate
Pneumonia and Cancer
65
Etiology of exudative pleural effusions.
40-80% malignant. Lung and Breast cancer.
66
Sx of Pleural effusion.
Dyspnea. Cough. Chest Pain. *CXR!
67
Exam findings on pleural effusion (the big 3).
Dullness to percussion. Pleural friction rub. Egophony
68
Normal capillaries
Pleural transudates
69
Leaky capillaries
Pleural exudate-HIGH pleural fluid levels compared to serum
70
Lights criteria.
1) pleural fluid protein/ serum protein >.5 2) pleural LDH/serum LDH >.6 3) plural fluid LDH > 2/3s upper limit of normal serum LD
71
Lab findings for hemorrhagic pleural effusion.
Blood + pleural fluid. 10k-100k red cells/mcL create grossly bloody pleural effusion
72
Protein in pleural effusion means_____
TB
73
Low glucose in pleural effusion means_______.
Empyema (bacteria is eating up glucose)
74
High LDH in pleural effusion means________
Rheumatoid. Inflammatory marker
75
High WBC in pleural effusion means _________
Malignancy, infection or pulmonary infarction
76
<7.3 pH in pleural effusion suggests______?
Need for drainage of pleural space (TOO ACIDIC!) often esophageal rupture.
77
Amylase in pleural effusion analysis suggests_____?
Pancreatitis, pancreatic tumor, adenocarcinoma
78
What should you always do when there is a new pleural effusion?
Thoracentesis! *observation appropriate in some situations.
79
Transudative Tx.
Treat the underlying cause!
80
To or Malignant Pleural effusion.
Chemotherapy or radiation therapy-treats symptoms! Therapeutic throacentesis
81
Does uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion need drainage?
No!
82
Tx for empyema.
Gross infection- +Gram stain. Empyema should always be drained!
83
Complicated parapneumonic effusion tax!
Large, inflammatory, low glucose level, low pH, loculation. TUBE THORACOSTOMY! VERY SICK!
84
Tx hemothorax
Small-observe THORACOSTOMY tube: - drain existing blood and clot - quantify amount of bleeding - reduce risk of fibrothorax - permit apposition of the pleural surfaces in an attempt to reduce hemorrhage. THORACOTOMY (open surgery)-to control hemorrhage

Fun Med (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions