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Fun Med > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

Leading cause of infant hospitalization

A

Acute bronchiolitis

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2
Q

Peak age of acute bronchiolitis

A

6 mo

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3
Q

Age most common for bronchiolitis

A

First 2 years

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4
Q

Monoclonal antibody used for acute bronchiolitis, particularly seasonally.

A

“Synagis”

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5
Q

Can you treat acute bronchitis with antibiotics?

A

No, usually not. 90% viral

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6
Q

“Seal like” cough.

A

CROUP

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7
Q

Age for group.

A

36mo-7yrs

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8
Q

Main at home treatment for coup.

A

Cool humidifier

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9
Q

“Steeple sign”

A

CROUP

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10
Q

Common differential for croup

A

Epiglottis

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11
Q

Sx: Use accessory muscles. Strider.

Exam: Cyanosis. Tachypnea

CXR: Steeple sign

A

CROUP

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12
Q

Cause high mortality in infants and elderly

A

Influenza

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13
Q

What can happen to young children who have a viral infection when you give them aspirin?

A

Reye syndrome 30% mortality

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14
Q

Tests for influenza

A

Rapid influenza diagnostic tests

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

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15
Q

Most common type of Influenza in humans

A

A

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16
Q

Is the cough in influenza productive or non-productive?

A

Non-productive

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17
Q

What particular exposure can lead to acute bronchitis in children?

A

Smoking

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18
Q

“Whooping cough”

A

Pertussis

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19
Q

Is pertussis bacterial or viral?

A

Bacterial. “Bordetella pertusis”-highly contagious!

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20
Q

Diagnosis for pertussis?

A

Culture and PCR-nasal swab

21
Q

Tx for pertussis

A

Azithromycin!

Keep elevate to cough stuff out.

Supportive care

22
Q

Caseating granuloma in the apical lung

A

TB

23
Q

TB is caused by_________

A

Mycobacterium-obligate aerobe-“LIKES O2!”

24
Q

HOw long does acute bronchitis usually last?

A

5 days and up to 3-4 weeks

25
Q

Risk factors for acute bronchitis:

A

Smoking.

Exposure.

Compromised immune system

26
Q

Acute bronchiolitis occurs mostly in_______

A

Infants-leading cause of infant hospitalization

27
Q

What virus causes acute bronchiolitis?

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

28
Q

What season is RSV most common?

A

Winter Oct-Jan

29
Q

What can happen to children with RSV later in life?

A

Persistence of airway activity

30
Q

Risk factors for acute bronchiolitis:

A

<3 mo

Low birth weight

Low socioeconomic group

Crowded living

31
Q

Sx of bronchiolitis

A

Wheezing

URI Sx

Cough

Irritability

Poor feeding

Apnea

32
Q

Exam findings of bronchiolitis:

A

Tachypnea

Nasal flaring

Fine rales

Wheezing

Hypoxia

33
Q

Main diagnostic test for bronchiolitis?

A

RSV rapid viral antigen testing-nasal swab

34
Q

Tx for bronchiolitis

A

Humidified 02

Bronchodilator

Nebulized hypertonic saline

Nasal and oral auctioning

Nebulized Ribavirin-broad-spectrum antiviral agent-severe cases!

35
Q

Monoclonal antibody for acute bronchiolitis?

A

Palivizumab (Synagis)

36
Q

A viral infection of the LARYNX, TRACHEA, & the UPPER BRONCHIAL TREE.

A

Croup

37
Q

How long do Sx of croup usually last?

A

5-7 days

38
Q

Are labs needed for Croup?

A

Not usually

39
Q

What is nebulized race ic epinephrine used for?

A

Tx of croup

40
Q

How long is the incubation period of influenza?

A

1-4 days

41
Q

How long does viral shedding last for influenza?

A

5-10 days

42
Q

What virus causes influenza?

A

Orthomyxovirus-invades airway and respiratory tract cells

43
Q

Which test will allow you to determine if influenze is A or B?

A

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing or viral culture of nasopharyngeal. CRITERION STANDARD!

44
Q

In which patients with influenza would you get a CXR?

A

Elderly or high risk w/ pulmonary symptoms

45
Q

Should pregnant women get flu vaccines?

A

Yes, ALL!

46
Q

When would you use neuraminidase inhibitors with influenza?

A

Within 24-48 hrs. Really only useful for those @ the highest risk.

47
Q

What is the criterion standard for diagnosis of pertussis?

A

Nasopharyngeal swab for culture of B. Pertussis-takes a long time to get results

48
Q

What is a test you can do in the office to diagnose pertussis in a later stage?

A

PCR assays and antigen detection

Fun Med (5 decks)

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