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Physics UNIT 1 > unit 1.5 - electric circuits REMASTERED > Flashcards

unit 1.5 - electric circuits REMASTERED Flashcards

1
Q

describe current

A

flow of electrons around a circuit

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2
Q

describe voltage

A

the ‘driving force’ that pushes the current around the circuit

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3
Q

describe resistance

A

anything in the circuit that opposes/ slows down the flow of current

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4
Q

increasing the voltage will _____ the current flow

A

increase

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5
Q

increasing the resistance will _____ the current flow

A

decrease

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6
Q

the ammeter measures current ________ a component and must be placed in ______ with the component

A

through

series

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7
Q

the voltmeter measures voltage ________ a component and must be placed in ______ with the component

A

across

parallel

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8
Q

another word for voltage is

A

potential difference (pd)

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9
Q

in a series circuit
the total resistance is equal to…

A

…the sum of all resistances

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10
Q

in a series circuit
the same _____ flows through all parts of the circuit

A

current

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11
Q

in a series circuit
the supplied voltage is equal to…

A

…the total voltage across all components

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12
Q

in a series circuit
the bigger the resistance of a component…

A

…the bigger its share of the supply voltage

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13
Q

in a parallel circuit
the _______ is the same across all components

A

voltage

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14
Q

in a parallel circuit
the total current around the circuit is equal to…

A

…the sum of all currents flowing through the branches

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15
Q

in a parallel circuit
the lower the resistance of a component…

A

…the higher the current through it

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16
Q

in a parallel circuit
the current either ___ or _____ where branches meet. The total current going in to a junction must equal…

A

splits , rejoins
…the total current leaving it

17
Q

in a parallel circuit
the total resistance of the circuit is always less than…

A

…the lowest branch resistance

18
Q

The [longer/shorter] the wire, the greater the resistance

A

longer, more atoms for electrons to collide with, slowing down current

19
Q

the [thicker/thinner] the wire, the smaller the resistance (width)

A

thicker, more paths for electrons between atoms, increasing current

20
Q

the [hotter/colder] the wire, the greater the resistance (temperature)

A

hotter, hotter atoms vibrate more causing more collisions with electrons

21
Q

How to calculate total resistance in series

A

R = R1 +R2 + R3 + …

22
Q

How to calculate total resistance in parallel

A

R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + …

23
Q

What is Ohm’s law

A

‘The voltage across a metal conductor is proportional to the current through it, provided the temperature stays constant’

24
Q

how are V, I and R related? (not equation)

A

The large the resistance, the greater the voltage needed to push current through

25
Q

Voltage equation

A

V = I x R

26
Q

show an example of a standard test circuit

A

———–|l—————
l l
l [/]
l l
—–x————A———
l–V–l

x - component
A - Ammeter
[/] - variable resistor
|l - battery
V - voltmeter

27
Q

VI graph about resistor shows?
Does it obey Ohm’s law?

A

a) The current through a resistor is proportional to voltage (temps constant) / Ohms law
b) Yes

28
Q

VI Graph for resistor
how does current vary as voltage increases?

A

current is proportional to voltage (if temp is constant)

29
Q

VI Graph for wire
how does current vary as voltage increases?

A

Different graph gradients, but all obey ohm’s law (if temp is constant)

30
Q

VI Graph for filament lamp
how does current vary as voltage increases?

A

as more current flows in the lamp, the filament gets hotter, causing the resistance to increase. Doesnt obey ohm’s law

31
Q

VI Graph for diode
how does current vary as voltage increases?

A

When connected in forward direction, diode has low resistance, allowing current to flow. When reversed, it has a high resistance and stops current flowing. Doesn’t obey ohm’s law

32
Q

VI Graph for thermistor
how does current vary as voltage increases?

A

Thermistor is a semiconductor, conducting electricity when heated as more electrons are made available to carry current, decreasing the resistance. Doesn’t obey ohm’s law

33
Q

VI Graph for LDR
how does current vary as voltage increases?

A

LDR is a semiconductor, conducting electricity when light shines on it, as more electrons are made available to carry current, decreasing the resistance. Doesn’t obey ohm’s law

34
Q

which way does the current flow if battery is like this
———-|l———

A

<—

35
Q

the steeper a VI graph, the _____ the resistance

A

lower

36
Q

What is power

A

amount of energy transferred each second

37
Q

energy (kWh) equation

A

E = P x t

38
Q

power equation

A

P = V x I

39
Q

cost of electricity equation

A

cost of electricity = kWh x cost per unit

Physics UNIT 1 (4 decks)

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