unit 1.4 Flashcards
What is pulmonary circulation?
From the right hand side of the heart to the lungs.
What is systemic circulation?
From the left hand side of the heart to the body.
Why does the left ventricle have thicker walls than the right ventricle?
Because it has to push blood all around the body wheras the right ventricle only has to push blood to the lungs.
When is the tricuspid valve open and closed?
- It closes to make sure blood flows to the pulmonary artery.
- It opens to make sure blood goes to the right ventricle.
What are the valves and chambers in the right side of the heart?
- Vena cava
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- Tricuspid valve
- Pulmonary artery
What are the valves and chambers in the left side of the heart?
- Pulmonary vien.
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
- Bicuspid valve
- Aorta
What is the function of the vena cava?
To carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.
What is the function of arteries?
They carry blood away from the heart at high pressure.
What are the charactaristics of arteries?
- They have thick walls to handle high pressure.
- They have a small lumen (hole down the middle)
What is the function of viens?
They carry blood to the heart at a low pressure.
What are the charactaristics of viens?
- Thin walls
- made from joined up capilaries
- Big lumen
What is the function of capilaries?
They allow exchange of substances between blood and cells in the body. They supply cells with oxygen and nutrients to remove co2.
What are the charactaristics of capilaries?
- Permeable walls so substances can diffuse in and out.
- Very small so they can squeeze into gaps between cells.
What are risk factors of Cardiovascular disease (CVD) ?
- High blood pressure
- Smoking
- Lack of exercise
- Obesity
- High fat diet
- High cholesterol
- Genetic factors
What does blood contain?
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
- Plasma
What is the function of red blood cells?
They carry oxygen and iron around the body.
What are the characteristics of red blood cells?
- They have a biconcave disk shape and no nucleus to increase surface area for absorbing oxygen.
- They contain a red pigment called haemoglobin that carries iron.
What is the function of white blood cells?
They multiply to fight off infections.
What is phagocytosis?
When phagocytes change shape to engulf unwanted microorganisms.
What is the function of platelets?
They help blood clot at wounds to prevent excessive bleeding and bruising and so that microorganisms cant get in.
What are the functions of plasma?
- It is the liquid that carries red and white blood cells, platelets, urea, hormones, co2 and nutrients.
- It also distribute heat around the body.
