unit 1.3 Flashcards
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose = Lactic acid + energy
Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is an incomplete breakdown of glucose.
What is anaerobic recovery?
Lactic acid causes muscle fatigue so oxygen is needed to remove it.
What is the function of goblet cells?
They produce mucus to trap any unwanted particles like dust and bacteria.
What is the function of cilliated cells (cillia hairs) ?
Cillia beat to push mucus out through the nose, mouth or it can be swallowed and killed by stomach acid.
What happens to the intercostal muscles when you inhale?
They contract
What happens to the ribs and thorax volume when you inhale?
They expand
What happens to the diaphragm when you inhale?
It moves down and contracts.
What happens to the air pressure in your lungs when you inhale?
It decreases
What happens to your intercostal muscles when you exhale?
They relax
What happens to your ribs when you exhale?
They move inwards (contract)
What happens to your diaphragm when you exhale?
It relaxes and moves back up.
What happens to air pressure in your lungs when you exhale?
It increases
Where does gas exchange happen?
In the alveoli
What are the 3 main chemicals in tobacco smoke?
- Nicotine
- Tar
- Carbon monoxide
What is a carcinogen?
A cancer causing compound
How does smoking affect goblet and cilliated cells?
- Cillia hairs are paralysed from cigarette smoke so can no longer get rid of mucus.
- Mucus thickens so it is harder to move.
- This causes a mucus build up on the lungs causing coughing and lung infections.
What is emphysema?
When cigarette smoke damages the alveoli walls so they break open, meaning surface area decreases causing slower gas exchange. This means blood capilaries around the alveoli don’t absorb enough oxygen to remove carbon dioxide.
