Unit 12: Therapies

Question 1

Kim’s behaviour was becoming increasingly unpredictable. Although she had experienced ups-and-downs in her mood before, her current mood swings were quite dramatic and were becoming increasingly violent. Kim’s friends were concerned that she might harm someone in the near future. What form of treatment would be the best option for Kim’s treatment?

a) involuntary treatment at a hospital
b) weekly appointments with a counselling psychologist
c) weekly meetings with a community psychologist
d) weekly sessions with a clinical psychologist

Answer 1

a)

Question 2

Based on the discussion of barriers to psychological treatment, which individual would be least likely to receive psychological treatment?

a) an older male living in Nunavut
b) a wealthy female living in Vancouver
c) someone who recently immigrated to Canada
d) a 25-year-old male who studied psychology in university

Answer 2

a)

Question 3

Which type of provider is generally permitted to prescribe medications?

a) clinical psychologist
b) medical psychologist
c) clinical social worker
d) psychiatrist

Answer 3

d)

Question 4

________ is the relationship that emerges in therapy between the therapist and the client, and is an important determinant of the therapy’s effectiveness.

a) Therapeutic alliance
b) Client insight
c) Friendship
d) Bibliotherapy

Answer 4

a)

Question 5

What does it mean to say that a therapy has “empirical support”?

a) Research studies demonstrate that it can do a better job than drugs.
b) Insurance companies prefer it.
c) Therapists prefer to use it.
d) Research studies confirm that it is effective compared to no treatment and possibly compared to other alternatives.

Answer 5

d)

Question 6

_______ refers to a phenomenon of psychoanalysis in which the client begins directing emotional responses toward the therapist.

a) Befriending
b) Objectifying
c) Resistance
d) Transference

Answer 6

d)

Question 7

A kindergarten teacher (unintentionally) places conditions of worth on her students. What does this mean?

a) She acts as if a student no longer matters to her or the school if he misbehaves.
b) She regularly tries to draw compliments out of her students.
c) She provides monetary rewards for good behaviour.
d) She always lets her students know how much she values them.

Answer 7

a)

Question 8

What has research concluded in regard to the effectiveness of insight therapies?

a) Insight therapies are never effective.
b) The effectiveness of insight therapies depends on the conditions that are being treated.
c) Insight therapies do not help people gain awareness of the nature of their psychological problems, so they tend to not be effective.
d) Insight therapies are always very effective.

Answer 8

b)

Question 9

In psychoanalysis, treatment for psychological problems seems to come from

a) the therapist understanding and explaining the manifest content of a dream.
b) the therapist diagnosing the psychological disorder and providing appropriate drug therapy.
c) client receiving unconditional positive regard.
d) the client becoming more conscious of the workings of their unconscious.

Answer 9

d)

Question 10

________ involves a process in which the client faces feared situations gradually and under controlled conditions.

a) Exposure therapy
b) Client-centred therapy
c) Family therapy
d) Insight therapy

Answer 10

a)

Question 11

MDMA (Ecstasy) is occasionally prescribed for patients experiencing

a) insomnia.
b) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
c) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
d) schizophrenia.

Answer 11

b)

Question 12

________ affect the nervous system by blocking the reuptake of serotonin in neurons.

a) Mood stabilizers
b) SSRIs
c) MAOIs
d) Antianxiety medications

Answer 12

b)

Question 13

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about psychotropic drugs?

a) Their effects are rarely evident until weeks after taking them.
b) They are usually more effective if combined with some form of psychological treatment.
c) They are superior to talking therapy.
d) Although drugs often had bad side effects in the past, modern drugs have largely fixed those problems.

Answer 13

b)

Question 14

Dr. Barbieri wanted to activate a very specific brain region in the hope of alleviating the symptoms of her patient’s mental disorder. Which technique would she use for this procedure?

a) cingulotomy
b) deep brain stimulation
c) electroconvulsive therapy
d) focal lesion

Answer 14

b)

Question 15

Which of the following techniques results in intentionally killing nerve cells?

a) transcranial magnetic stimulation
b) deep brain stimulation
c) focal lesion
d) electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 15

c)

Question 16

A person’s fear that they may be stigmatized for having a mental illness

a) is based on a fear that they may be exposed to severe treatments against their will.
b) is unfounded; our society has advanced too far to still be stigmatizing mental illness.
c) is the sign of delusions, possibly indicating schizophrenia.
d) is understandable; unfortunately, there may often be professional or social costs when others know someone has a psychological disorder.

Answer 16

d)

Question 17

Amy has been suffering from depression for many years. She has tried a number of antidepressant medications but suffered so many side effects that her doctor suggested that she stop taking them. Instead, her doctor has recommended that Amy try a new procedure in which a device emitting a magnetic field is placed against her scalp. This device would affect the activity of her frontal lobes. Which technique is Amy’s doctor recommending?

a) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
b) electroconvulsive therapy
c) deep brain stimulation
d) magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 17

a)

Question 18

The social movement against keeping the mentally ill in asylums is known as ________.

a) empirically validated treatments
b) community psychology
c) deinstitutionalization
d) social work

Answer 18

c)

Question 19

Which of the following conclusions best summarizes the effectiveness of bibliotherapy?

a) It is more effective than other forms of therapy.
b) It works, but is addictive.
c) It may be helpful to many people, but its results are not consistent.
d) It has no benefit whatsoever.

Answer 19

c

Question 20

In psychoanalysis, resistance occurs when

a) a therapist refuses to continue the therapy session.
b) a client begins to divert the therapy by joking, becoming cynical, or simply refusing to answer questions.
c) a client develops sexual attraction for their therapist.
d) a therapist begins to have the same feelings as the client.

Answer 20

b)

Question 21

_________ consists of key procedures including exposure, cognitive restructuring, and stress inoculation training.

a) Virtual reality exposure therapy
b) Family therapy
c) Cognitive-behavioural therapy
d) Exposure therapy

Answer 21

c)

Question 22

The key difference between mindfulness and cognitive behavioural therapy is that

a) only CBT involves decentring.
b) CBT can be combined with drug treatments, but mindfulness cannot.
c) CBT is supported by empirical research, whereas mindfulness is just a practice that comes from Buddhism but has little empirical support.
d) in CBT, clients practice replacing their dysfunctional thoughts with more functional ones; whereas in mindfulness practice, clients simply watch their thoughts and accept them as they are.

Answer 22

d)

Question 23

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs work by

a) selectively blocking the reuptake of serotonin.
b) inhibiting the ability of an enzyme to break down serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine molecules.
c) boosting the ability of an enzyme to break down serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine molecules.
d) creating new dopamine molecules.

Answer 23

b)

Question 24

Imagine that a friend asks you if you know anything about St. John’s wort because he is considering using it to alleviate his depression. What would you say, based on the research?

a) St. John’s wort is superior to cognitive-behavioural therapies.
b) St. John’s wort is superior to prescription antidepressant medications.
c) St. John’s wort is as effective at treating depressive symptoms as antidepressants for many people.
d) Your friend may as well take a placebo: St. John’s wort has never proved effective at reducing symptoms of depression.

Answer 24

c)

Question 25

Why did some doctors, such as Walter Freeman, believe that lobotomies were an effective treatment for psychological disorders?

a) They believed that damaging areas related to memory would prevent the patients from reliving traumatic events.
b) They believed that the procedure would allow neurotransmitter levels to return to normal levels.
c) They believed that lobotomies would allow the patients to more easily access unconscious thoughts, which would make them more receptive to psychoanalysis.
d) They believed that making a patient easier to manage (e.g., less aggressive) meant that the patient’s psychological disorder was cured.

Answer 25

d)

Question 26

Physicians who specialize in mental health and diagnose and treat psychological disorders primarily through prescribing medications that influence brain chemistry are called

a) gerontologists.
b) neurologists.
c) orthopsychiatrists.
d) psychiatrists.

Answer 26

d)

Question 27

Some psychological treatment therapies have been tested using the same type of experimental approach used for testing drugs. Therapies that demonstrate effectiveness using this method are considered to be

a) the only effective treatments.
b) empirically supported.
c) bibliotherapeutic.
d) unreliable.

Answer 27

b)

Question 28

When it comes to people’s perceptions of how men and women should act, what effect can those expectations have on a person’s willingness to seek psychotherapy services?

a) Men experience more severe symptoms of mental illness than women.
b) Women seek help for mental illness less frequently than men.
c) Men seek help for mental illness less frequently than women.
d) Women experience more severe symptoms of mental illness than men.

Answer 28

c)

Question 29

If you were the director of a community mental health clinic, what could you do to most effectively reach out to men with mental illness?

a) Reiterate gender roles and norms and ask female patients to ask their husbands if they need help.
b) Send a flyer to local places of worship.
c) Launch a public awareness campaign.
d) Organize group therapy sessions at your clinic.

Answer 29

c)

Question 30

Which of the following does the text suggest is the primary function of inpatient psychiatric facilities?

a) returning patients to society as soon as possible
b) permanently curing mental illness
c) punishing the criminally insane
d) keeping people with mental illness out of the community for as long as possible

Answer 30

a)

Question 31

Dr. Stone’s practice is composed of everyday people with everyday problems, such as stress and coping with life. She also deals with milder cases of anxiety and depression. Dr. Stone is most likely a

a) licensed counsellor.
b) counselling psychologist.
c) clinical psychologist.
d) clinical social worker.

Answer 31

b)

Question 32

Many bookstores offer “self-help” sections where you can buy volumes related to anything from reducing anger to controlling overeating tendencies. People who buy these books are engaging in

a) bibliotherapy.
b) psychoanalysis.
c) person-centred therapy.
d) aversive conditioning.

Answer 32

a)

Question 33

Which type of individual would insight therapy likely be most suitable for?

a) people who are at immediate risk for suicide
b) children
c) people with severe schizophrenia
d) adults

Answer 33

d)

Question 34

Rogers’s client-centred therapy focuses on

a) an individual’s ability to solve his or her own problems and reach his or her full potential.
b) an individual’s ability to emotionally cope with interpersonal relationships.
c) the process of uncovering unconscious conflict.
d) early childhood experiences.

Answer 34

a)

Question 35

The primary concept behind cognitive-behavioural therapy is that people suffer from disorders, most notably depression, because they routinely experience

a) unresolved childhood issues.
b) conditional positive regard.
c) negative thoughts.
d) maladaptive behaviours.

Answer 35

c)

Question 36

According to Freud, once a patient starts to demonstrate transference in the therapy setting, what is the job of the therapist?

a) to help the patient demonstrate resistance to the transference
b) to help the patient better understand their dreams
c) to help the patient demonstrate reactance to the transference
d) to help the patient work through specific problems related to the transference

Answer 36

d)

Question 37

Which of the following is a technique by which clients are taught to identify and change maladaptive (often negative) thought patterns that lead to unhappiness?

a) exposure
b) the systems approach
c) cognitive restructuring
d) stress inoculation training

Answer 37

c)

Question 38

Kanthamani is a 13-year-old girl who lives with her parents at home. She has long struggled with anxiety and participated in multiple sessions of individual therapy, but her symptoms have not improved. Recently, her psychologist has suggested that there may be family patterns that are contributing to and supporting her anxiety. What treatment approach is the psychologist likely to recommend?

a) systematic desensitization
b) systems approach
c) cognitive-behavioural therapy
d) mindfulness-based cognitive therapy

Answer 38

b)

Question 39

Although different medications that are prescribed to treat various psychological disorders have varying mechanisms by which they are effective, what do they all have in common?

a) They cross the blood-brain barrier.
b) They increase neurotransmitter activity in the brain.
c) They reduce neurotransmitter activity in the brain.
d) They cross from one side of a synapse to the other.

Answer 39

a)

Question 40

A drug that elevates the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain by deactivating an enzyme that metabolizes these neurotransmitters would most likely be a(n)

a) antipsychotic drug.
b) anticonvulsant drug.
c) monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).
d) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

Answer 40

c)

Question 41

In general, typical antipsychotic drugs work by

a) increasing the amount of MDMA in the brain.
b) blocking dopamine receptors in the brain.
c) inhibiting the reuptake process of norepinephrine.
d) inhibiting the function of the amygdala.

Answer 41

b)

Question 42

Which of the following is a newer, noninvasive treatment for depression that stimulates the frontal lobes but (unlike electroconvulsive therapy) requires no anaesthesia or muscle relaxants?

a) deep brain stimulation (DBS)
b) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
c) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
d) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 42

c)

Question 43

Which brain region are neurosurgeons most likely to lesion to treat severe cases of depression and anxiety disorders?

a) the corpus callosum
b) the anterior cingulate cortex
c) Broca’s area
d) Wernicke’s area

Answer 43

b)

Question 44

SSRI medications are widely favoured over MAOIs and tricyclics for the treatment of depression. This is because the latter two drugs

a) are not effective.
b) have the potential for dangerous side effects and interactions.
c) work by increasing the activity of GABA.
d) take between three and six months to take effect.

Answer 44

b)

Question 45

MDMA shows promise in the treatment of PTSD. In a therapeutic context, medical treatment using MDMA should be accompanied by

a) administering ECT to erase the traumatic memories.
b) supportive counselling by a trained mental health professional.
c) dancing.
d) drinking plenty of water.

Answer 45

b)