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Psych > Unit 12- Abnormal Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 12- Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

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0
Q

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

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1
Q

Psychological disorders

A

Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

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2
Q

Harmful dysfunction

A

The distress must be disabling and impair your life

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3
Q

Pinel

A

Reformer of mental treatment in France- madness is not demon possession but sickness of the mind caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions- best way is to be gentle and give activities

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4
Q

Medical model

A

The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

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5
Q

Susto

A

Severe anxiety, restlessness, and fear of black manic mostly found in Latin America

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6
Q

Taijin- kyofusho

A

Social anxiety about ones appearance, readiness to blush, and fear of eye contact found in japan

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7
Q

DSM-IV-TR

A

The American psychiatric associations diagnostic and statistical Manuel of mental disorders, fourth edition, updated as of 2000 “text revision”; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

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8
Q

How is disorder diagnosed: axis I

A

Is a clinical syndrome present? (Such as schizophrenia, eating disorders, mood disorders, anxiety, depression )

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9
Q

How is disorder diagnosed: axis II

A

Is a personality disorder or mental retardation present?

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10
Q

How is disorder diagnosed: axis III

A

Is a general medical condition, such as diabetes, hypertension, or arthritis, also present?

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11
Q

How is disorder diagnosed: axis IV

A

Are psychosocial or environmental problems, such as school or housing issues, also present?

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12
Q

How is disorder diagnosed: Axis V

A

What is the global assessment of this person’s functioning (assign code from 0-100)

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13
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecies

A

Labels matter and people with disorders will live up to the expectations of how you expect them to act

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14
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent, anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

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15
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continuously tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
Symptoms: twitching eyelids, trembling, perspiration, can’t identify cause so hard to deal with

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16
Q

Panic disorder

A

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, heart palpitations, or other frightening sensations (smokers have double the risk)

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17
Q

Phobias

A

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

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18
Q

Specific phobias

A

May focus on animals, insects, heights, blood, or close spaces (people avoid stimulus that arouses fear)

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19
Q

Social phobia

A

Shyness taken to the extreme, intense dear of being scrutinized or avoid embarrassing situations

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20
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Is fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable when panicked

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21
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and or actions (compulsions)

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22
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after traumatic experience

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23
Q

Survivor resiliency

A

Those who do not develop PTSD and those who have suffered develop a sensitivity to suffering and empathy for others who suffer

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24
Q

Post-traumatic growth

A

Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises (increased appreciation for life, better priorities, meaningful relationships)

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25
Q

Stimulus generalization

A

Contributes to anxiety, when a person attacked by fierce dog later fears all dogs

26
Q

Reinforcement

A

Contributes to anxiety, helps maintain our phobias and compulsions after they arise

27
Q

Anxiety gene

A

Affects brain levels of serotonin which affect sleep and mood

28
Q

Anterior cingulate cortex

A

Brain region that monitors actions and checks for errors, elevated activity in this area of people who have OCD

29
Q

Somatoform disorder

A

Psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

30
Q

Conversion disorder

A

A rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found (unexplained paralysis, blindness, inability to swallow)

31
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

A somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

32
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings)

33
Q

Fugue state

A

Lose memory for personal identity

34
Q

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder
Each personality has different voice and mannerisms (denies awareness of others)

35
Q

Mood disorders

A

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. Major depressive disorder, mania, bipolar disorder

36
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

37
Q

Mania

A

A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state (emotional extreme)

38
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania (formerly called manic-depressive disorder)

39
Q

Linkage analysis

A

Used to tease out genes that put people at risk for depression

40
Q

Non-epinephrine

A

Neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood disorders, increases arousal and boosts mood, is scarce in depression and over abundant in mania

41
Q

Serotonin

A

Neurotransmitter that plays role in mood disorders, scarce in depression and drugs for depression focus on increasing it

42
Q

Stable, global, internal

A

How depressed people tend to explain bad events: stable (it’s going to last forever), global (it’s going to affect everything I do), and internal (it’s all my fault)

43
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

44
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur

45
Q

Hallucinations

A

Sensory experiences without sensory stimulation many are auditory (hearing voices)

46
Q

Flat effect

A

Emotionless state

47
Q

Catatonia

A

Motionless for hours and then agitated

48
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Experience hallucinations, exhibit inappropriate laughter or tears
Presence of inappropriate behaviors

49
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Includes toneless voices, expressionless faces, or mute and rigid bodies
Absence of inappropriate behaviors

50
Q

Chronic schizophrenia

A

Slow-developing, recovery is doubtful (men are more negative symptoms and chronic)

51
Q

Acute or reactive schizophrenia

A

Develops quickly, following life stresses, recovery is more likely, have more positive symptoms and respond to drug therapy

52
Q

Paranoid schizophrenia

A

Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of persecution or grandiosity

53
Q

Disorganized schizophrenia

A

Disorganized speech and behavior, or flat, inappropriate emotion

54
Q

Catatonic schizophrenia

A

Immobility (or excessive, purposeful movement) extreme negativism, and or parrot like repeating of another’s speech or movements

55
Q

Undifferentiated schizophrenia

A

Many and varied symptoms

56
Q

Residual schizophrenia

A

Withdrawal, after hallucinations or delusions disappear

57
Q

Personality disorders

A

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

58
Q

Avoidant personality disorder

A

Expresses anxiety, such as fearful sensitivity to rejection

59
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A

Eccentric behaviors, such as emotionless disengagement

60
Q

Histrionic personality disorder

A

Dramatic and impulsive behaviors

61
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder

A

Self-focused, self-inflating

62
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist (formerly called psychopath/sociopath)

Psych (7 decks)

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