Unit 12: Abnormal Psychology

Question 1

Syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.

Answer 1

Psychological disorder

Question 2

Prehistoric and ancient societies apparently viewed unusual behavior as a product of supernatural forces (treatment consisted of various forms of exorcism)

Answer 2

Historical perspectives on abnormal behavior

Question 3

In …, Hippocrates (ancient Greece) observed and recorded cases of mental disturbance and developed a biogenic theory of abnormal behavior.

Answer 3

Western Culture

Question 4

In the …, supernatural explanations of abnormal behavior were again dominant though naturalistic theories also persisted.

Answer 4

Middle ages

Question 5

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.

Answer 5

Mood disorders

Question 6

During the …, despite a growing trend to regarding abnormal behavior as an illness, thousands of people, mostly women, were burned in witch hunts.

Answer 6

Renaissance

Question 7

Mood disorders are …: the depressive or manic episode often begins suddenly, runs its course, and may or may not reoccur.

Answer 7

Episodic

Question 8

A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. (about 17% of people experience … at some point of their lives)

Answer 8

Major depressive disorder

Question 9

In the …, hospitalization of the mentally disturbed became increasingly common. Conditions in the asylums were typically cruel and degrading.

Answer 9

18th and 19th centuries

Question 10

Two people who in the 18th century began the reform of institutional care.

Answer 10

Philippe Pinel and William Tuke

Question 11

In some cases, a psychological trauma plunges, a person into a major depressive episode overnight, but usually the onset of depression in gradual, occurring over a period of several weeks or several months. The episode itself typically lasts several months and then ends, as it began, gradually.

Answer 11

Manic Episode

Question 12

A mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania (formerly called manic-depressive disorder)

Answer 12

Bipolar disorder

Question 13

The new approach, stressing a peaceful environment, useful work, dignified treatment, came to be known as …

Answer 13

Moral therapy

Question 14

Psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Answer 14

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 15

The label given to a group of psychoses in which deterioration of functioning in marked by severe distortion of though, perception, and mood; by bizarre behavior; and by social withdrawal.

Answer 15

Schizophrenia

Question 16

… in schizophrenia may take two forms. One is blunted or flat affect (reduced or absent emotional responsiveness). The other form is inaprropriate affect (emotional expression unsuited to the situation)

Answer 16

Disorders of mood

Question 17

… patients may display a wide variety of disorders of motor behavior. The behaviors range from merely inappropriate to bizarre.

Answer 17

Schizophrenic

Question 18

An early sign of schizophrenia.

Answer 18

Social withdrawal

Question 19

Characterized by incoherent speech, mood disturbance (either flat affect or extreme silliness)

Answer 19

Disorganized schizophrenia

Question 20

characterized b extremes of motor behavior (i.e. immobility or hyperactivity)

Answer 20

Catatonic schizophrenia

Question 21

Characterized by delusions and/or hallucinations of persecution and grandeur.

Answer 21

Paranoid schizophrenia

Question 22

A serious mental condition of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation.

Answer 22

Schizophrenia

Question 23

A severe mental condition in which thought and emotions are so affected that contact is lost with external reality.

Answer 23

Psychosis

Question 24

The concept that diseases , in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured often through treatment in a hospital (disease model).

Answer 24

Medical model

Question 25

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. … diagnostic criteria are important not only for doctors deciding what type of mental illness a person might have, but also for health care in general for the mentally ill (fun fact: Insurance companies require that mental illness diagnoses reference from the … system in order to pay for services to treat the disorder)

Answer 25

DSM-5

Question 26

Characterized by numerous and recurrent physical complaints that begin by age 30, that persist for several ears, and that cause the person to seek medical treatment but cannot be explained medically. … resembles hypochondriasis in that it involves symptoms with no demonstrable physical illness, yet the disorder differs from the focus of the patient’s distress.

Answer 26

Somatization disorder

Question 27

a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (formerly called hypochondriasis).

Answer 27

Illness anxiety disorder

Question 28

A disorder i which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found (also called functional neurological symptom disorder).

Answer 28

Conversion disorder

Question 29

Occur when stress causes components of the personality, which are normal.

Answer 29

Dissociative disorders

Question 30

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Answer 30

Dissociative disorders

Question 31

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.

Answer 31

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Question 32

An eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15 percent or more) underweight.

Answer 32

Anorexia nervosa

Question 33

An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) purging (by vomiting or laxative use), excessive exercise or fasting.

Answer 33

Bulumia nervosa

Question 34

People with … frequently consume unusually large amounts of food and feel unable to stop eating. Learn about symptoms and treatment.

Answer 34

Binge eating disorder

Question 35

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Answer 35

Anxiety disorders

Question 36

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Answer 36

Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 37

Anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Often followed by worry over a possible next attack.

Answer 37

Panic disorder

Question 38

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.

Answer 38

Phobia

Question 39

Essentially a fear of the disapproval of others, is aroused by a social situation (such as public speaking or conversation with others) that the person with a phobia perceives as carrying a risk of embarrassment or humiliation.

Answer 39

Social phobia

Question 40

Intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such (formerly called social phobia).

Answer 40

Social anxiety disorder

Question 41

Fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places where one has felt loss of control.

Answer 41

Agoraphobia

Question 42

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

Answer 42

Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Question 43

When the disorder (PTSD) is of short duration - a few days to a few weeks - it is classified as …

Answer 43

Acute stress disorder

Question 44

A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Answer 44

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Question 45

Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.

Answer 45

Post traumatic growth

Question 46

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Answer 46

Personality disorders

Question 47

A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Answer 47

Antisocial personality disorder (APD)