Unit 12: Abnormal Psychology Flashcards
Syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.
Psychological disorder
Prehistoric and ancient societies apparently viewed unusual behavior as a product of supernatural forces (treatment consisted of various forms of exorcism)
Historical perspectives on abnormal behavior
In …, Hippocrates (ancient Greece) observed and recorded cases of mental disturbance and developed a biogenic theory of abnormal behavior.
Western Culture
In the …, supernatural explanations of abnormal behavior were again dominant though naturalistic theories also persisted.
Middle ages
Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.
Mood disorders
During the …, despite a growing trend to regarding abnormal behavior as an illness, thousands of people, mostly women, were burned in witch hunts.
Renaissance
Mood disorders are …: the depressive or manic episode often begins suddenly, runs its course, and may or may not reoccur.
Episodic
A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. (about 17% of people experience … at some point of their lives)
Major depressive disorder
In the …, hospitalization of the mentally disturbed became increasingly common. Conditions in the asylums were typically cruel and degrading.
18th and 19th centuries
Two people who in the 18th century began the reform of institutional care.
Philippe Pinel and William Tuke
In some cases, a psychological trauma plunges, a person into a major depressive episode overnight, but usually the onset of depression in gradual, occurring over a period of several weeks or several months. The episode itself typically lasts several months and then ends, as it began, gradually.
Manic Episode
A mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania (formerly called manic-depressive disorder)
Bipolar disorder
The new approach, stressing a peaceful environment, useful work, dignified treatment, came to be known as …
Moral therapy
Psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
The label given to a group of psychoses in which deterioration of functioning in marked by severe distortion of though, perception, and mood; by bizarre behavior; and by social withdrawal.
Schizophrenia
… in schizophrenia may take two forms. One is blunted or flat affect (reduced or absent emotional responsiveness). The other form is inaprropriate affect (emotional expression unsuited to the situation)
Disorders of mood
… patients may display a wide variety of disorders of motor behavior. The behaviors range from merely inappropriate to bizarre.
Schizophrenic
An early sign of schizophrenia.
Social withdrawal
Characterized by incoherent speech, mood disturbance (either flat affect or extreme silliness)
Disorganized schizophrenia
characterized b extremes of motor behavior (i.e. immobility or hyperactivity)
Catatonic schizophrenia
Characterized by delusions and/or hallucinations of persecution and grandeur.
Paranoid schizophrenia
A serious mental condition of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation.
Schizophrenia
A severe mental condition in which thought and emotions are so affected that contact is lost with external reality.
Psychosis
The concept that diseases , in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured often through treatment in a hospital (disease model).
Medical model
The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. … diagnostic criteria are important not only for doctors deciding what type of mental illness a person might have, but also for health care in general for the mentally ill (fun fact: Insurance companies require that mental illness diagnoses reference from the … system in order to pay for services to treat the disorder)
DSM-5
Characterized by numerous and recurrent physical complaints that begin by age 30, that persist for several ears, and that cause the person to seek medical treatment but cannot be explained medically. … resembles hypochondriasis in that it involves symptoms with no demonstrable physical illness, yet the disorder differs from the focus of the patient’s distress.
Somatization disorder
a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (formerly called hypochondriasis).
Illness anxiety disorder
A disorder i which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found (also called functional neurological symptom disorder).
Conversion disorder
Occur when stress causes components of the personality, which are normal.
Dissociative disorders
Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
Dissociative disorders
A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
An eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15 percent or more) underweight.
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) purging (by vomiting or laxative use), excessive exercise or fasting.
Bulumia nervosa
People with … frequently consume unusually large amounts of food and feel unable to stop eating. Learn about symptoms and treatment.
Binge eating disorder
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
Anxiety disorders
An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
Generalized anxiety disorder
Anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Often followed by worry over a possible next attack.
Panic disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.
Phobia
Essentially a fear of the disapproval of others, is aroused by a social situation (such as public speaking or conversation with others) that the person with a phobia perceives as carrying a risk of embarrassment or humiliation.
Social phobia
Intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such (formerly called social phobia).
Social anxiety disorder
Fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places where one has felt loss of control.
Agoraphobia
A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).
Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD)
When the disorder (PTSD) is of short duration - a few days to a few weeks - it is classified as …
Acute stress disorder
A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.
Post traumatic growth
Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
Personality disorders
A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
Antisocial personality disorder (APD)
