Unit 11: Reproductive –Technology-Assisted Conception Flashcards
When are where was the first test tube baby?
1978 Britain
When was the first test tube baby in Canada?
1983
-In Canada, after ______ of unprotected intercourse, 85% of couples should be able to conceive. Over _______, half the rest will go on to conceive without intervention. (US provides them much earlier as profit driven –many ethical consideration with this)
12 months, 36 months
Depending on the cause of the infertility, approaches can include stimulating ovulation with fertility drugs, including:
- Clomiphene citrate, which stimulates ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome or other ovulatory disorders.
- Human menopausal gonadotropin, which is used for women who don’t ovulate on their own.
- Follicle-stimulating hormone, which stimulates the ovaries to mature egg follicles.
- Human chorionic gonadotropin, which stimulates the follicle to release its egg.
- Metformin, which is taken to boost ovulation when infertility is caused by insulin resistance.
Other forms of treatment are referred to as assisted reproductive technology (ART). They include:
-In vitro fertilization is the most effective form of ART. It involves retrieving mature eggs from a woman, fertilizing them with a man’s sperm in a dish in a laboratory and implanting the
embryos in the uterus three to five days after fertilization.
-Electrical or vibratory stimulation to achieve ejaculation, which is used to retrieve semen from men who can’t ejaculate on their own. It’s often used on men with spinal cord injuries.
-Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, in which a single sperm is injected directly into an egg to
maximize the chances of conception.
What can be do if lack of sperm is behind a couple’s inability to conceive?
surgery or hormone treatment can often help a man increase his sperm count.
Where can a conception IVF (in-vitro fertilization) occur?
inside or outside a woman’s body
What is the simplest form of IVF?
1) hormonal stimulation of egg production (or superovulation)
2) egg harvesting
3) sperm retrieval
4) fertilization
5) Careful timing of implantation.
In 1989 a Royal commission was struck to look at the issue of reproductive technologies. Over the next four years, what did the commission do?
took advice from about 40,000 individuals and organizations with interest in the matter.
In 1993, the recommendation was that Canada needed ___ laws …the concern for immediate action by the gov’t came from the commission discovering the medical professionals weren’t always following the recommended standards of
the medical association.
RGT (reproductive and genetic technology laws)
Which bill finally got passed in 2004?
Bill C-13
Which bill did not get passed even with its 3 extra attempts?
Bill C-47
With the bill, The ____________________ was established in 2006, but with budgetary cuts (and response to Supreme Court Ruling) closes Mar 2013 -Health Canada takes over remaining federal functions.
Assisted Human Reproduction Agency of Canada
What things are not allowed in Canada?
Cloning people.
Cloning stem cells.
Growing human embryos for research.
Sex selection.
Making changes to human DNA that would pass from one generation to the next.
Creating people who have animal DNA.
Buying or selling embryos, sperm, eggs or other human reproductive material.
What things are allowed in Canada?
Surrogate mothers.
Donating sperm, eggs and other reproductive material.
Using embryos, sperm, eggs etc. to assist conception.
Using human embryos and stem cells in research.
-but ethical debates continue to service around reproductive technology. Most recently, ethics around
potential use of frozen eggs.
