Unit 11 - Evolution

Question 1

What structures do all cells have

Answer 1

DNA, Ribosomes, Cell Membrane

Question 2

differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 2

pro: no organelles, DNA short/circle; binary fission

euk: Organelles like mitochondria, nucleus, long DNA, mitosis

Question 3

Earth’s early atmosphere

Answer 3

abundant: CO2, methane, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen

Question 4

What gas was missing from the early atmosphere

Answer 4

oxygen

Question 5

Earth’s Current Atmosphere

Answer 5

oxygen, nitrogen,

Question 6

Where did the oxygen come from

Answer 6

Photosynthesizing prokaryotes; CYANOBACTERIA

Question 7

stage 1 of oxygen in geological time

Answer 7

no oxygen

Question 8

stage 2 of oxygen in geological time

Answer 8

oxygen made, but absorbed by ocean and seabed rock

Question 9

stage 3 of oxygen in geological time

Answer 9

oxygen comes out of ocean, absorbed by land surfaces

Question 10

stage 4 of oxygen in geological time

Answer 10

oxygen sinks filled, oxygen accumulates in atmosphere

Question 11

first cells on earth were most likely

Answer 11

Prokaryotes ( simple cells),
Anaerobic (no oxygen needed)

Question 12

Cells today that closely resemble the cells of early earth

Answer 12

Archaea - prokaryotes that are extremophiles

Question 13

The idea that life arises from non-life

Answer 13

spontaneous generation

Question 14

theory of biogenesis

Answer 14

living organisms can produce other living organisms

Question 15

Redi and Pasteur’s contribute

Answer 15

disprove spontaneous generation

Question 16

primordial soup model

Answer 16

Gas from volcanos+ water+ energy source (lightning)= small organic molecules

Question 17

Scientists believe the first molecules to from were:

Answer 17

amino acids

Question 18

Miller and Urey try to recreate what in their experiment?

Answer 18

The soup model

Question 19

Why did Miller use Ammonia, Methane and Hydrogen

Answer 19

believed those were the gasses that were in early earth

Question 20

where did gasses come from in early earth

Answer 20

volcanoes

Question 21

results of the Miller-Urey Experiment

Answer 21

showed simple organic molecules could be made in the lab

Question 22

endosymbiosis theory

Answer 22

idea that large prokaryotes merged with some smaller prokaryotes and formed a eukaryote

Question 23

define evolution

Answer 23

The process of living organisms changing due to environmental conditions

Question 24

derived trait

Answer 24

Traits that are newer and not found in as many organisms

Question 25

ancestral trait

Answer 25

Traits that are older and found in most organisms

Question 26

Biogeography

Answer 26

Looking at how organisms are distributed throughout the world.

Question 27

homologous structures

Answer 27

similar structure but different functions in different organisms, same ancestor

Question 28

the study of similarities and differences between living things

Answer 28

Comparative Anatomy

Question 29

embryology

Answer 29

The study of organisms at their earliest stages of development

Question 30

analogous structures

Answer 30

different structure but similar functions in different organisms, diff ancestor

Question 31

vestigial structure

Answer 31

Structures useful in some organisms but not in others