Mitosis/Meiosis

Question 1

Cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing called the ____ _______

Answer 1

Cell Cycle

Question 2

What happens during Gap 1 phase (G1) ?

Answer 2

The cell grows, carrying out normal cell functions and preparing to replicate DNA

Question 3

What happens during Synthesis phase (S) ?

Answer 3

The cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division (amount of DNA in the cell is increasing)

Question 4

Where does DNA replication occur?

Answer 4

Synthesis phase (S)

Question 5

What happens during Gap 2 phase (G2) ?

Answer 5

The cell continues to prepare for division of the nucleus, the cell double checks that everything is ready for mitosis, if it not then it undergoes programmed cell death

Question 6

Mitosis is ___________

Answer 6

a type of cell division that results in 2 identical daughter cells each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 7

What is mitosis typically done for?

Answer 7

ordinary tissue growth for the body

Question 8

Is mitosis sexual or asexual?

Answer 8

asexual

Question 9

What type of cell does mitosis occur in ?

Answer 9

eukaryotic cells, such as plants and animals

Question 10

What happens in Prophase

Answer 10

the cells chromatin condenses and coils into chromosomes, nucleus and nuclear membrane disappear, and Mitotic spindle begins to forms from the centrioles

Question 11

What happens in Metaphase

Answer 11

chromosomes are pulled along the spindle apparatus toward the center of the cell

Question 12

What happens in Anaphase

Answer 12

microtubules of the spindle apparatus begin to shorten and pull apart the sister chromatids

Question 13

What happens in Telophase

Answer 13

chromosomes arrive at the poles and begin to relax/de-condense, Two new nuclear membranes begin to form around the DNA chromosomes, and the spindle apparatus disassembles and two new nuclei are formed

Question 14

What happens in Cytokinesis

Answer 14

the final step where the cytoplasm divides, creating two identical cells

Question 15

How does cytokinesis work in animal cells

Answer 15

cytokinesis begins with a furrow, that is pinched by enzymes and eventually splits the two cells apart

Question 16

How does cytokinesis work in plant cells

Answer 16

Plant cells form a cell plate that is later divided into the two daughter cells

Question 17

what happens after After mitosis and cytokinesis

Answer 17

the cell returns to Interphase to continue to grow and perform regular cell activities

Question 18

Do prokaryotes use mitosis to divide/replicate?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

what do prokaryotes use to divide/replicate

Answer 19

asexual process called binary fission

Question 20

what happens when prokaryotic DNA is copied

Answer 20

both copies attach to the plasma membrane. As the plasma membrane grows the attached DNA molecules are pulled apart

Question 21

Define cancer

Answer 21

the uncontrolled growth and division of cells; unregulated cell growth

Question 22

What causes cancer?

Answer 22

mutations in the segments of DNA that control the production of proteins, including proteins that regulate the cell cycle.

Question 23

what are the proteins that regulate the cell cycle?

Answer 23

CDK (Cyclin-Dependant Kinase)

Question 24

what are Somatic Cells

Answer 24

The body cells of organisms

Question 25

what do Somatic cells make up

Answer 25

all the internal organs, skin, bones, blood and connective tissue

Question 26

what are Gametes

Answer 26

Sex cells such as sperm and egg cells

Question 27

Meiosis involves how many cell divisions?

Answer 27

2 consecutive cell divisions; meiosis I and meiosis II

Question 28

how many cells does Meiosis produce

Answer 28

four haploid cells

Question 29

how much sperm is produced in males?

Answer 29

4 sperm, begins in puberty

Question 30

how many eggs do females produce during meiosis

Answer 30

1 viable egg, the other 3 cells are called polar bodies, they give up their cytoplasm to nourish the 1 good egg

Question 31

when are female eggs produced

Answer 31

before birth, and they mature at puberty

Question 32

Cells that undergo meiosis follow interphase but they do not repeat a cycle like ________

Answer 32

mitosis

Question 33

What happens during meiosis 1 (Prophase) ?

Answer 33

The nuclear membrane disappears, Chromosomes condense, And the spindle apparatus begins to form

Question 34

what is crossing over

Answer 34

when segments of one chromosome is exchanged with segments of its homologous chromosome.

Question 35

what are Homologous chromosomes

Answer 35

matching chromosomes

Question 36

how many pairs and individual matching chromosomes in humans

Answer 36

23 pairs, 46 individual

Question 37

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 37

Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell (equator)

Question 38

what is the law of independent assortment

Answer 38

The arrangement of the homologs is random and the possibilities are endless

Question 39

what happens During anaphase?

Answer 39

the pair of homologous chromosomes split up and pull apart

Question 40

what happens During telophase?

Answer 40

chromosomes arrive at the poles and begin to relax/de-condense, Two new nuclear membranes begin to form around the DNA , spindle apparatus disassembles and two new nuclei are formed

Question 41

homo

Answer 41

same

Question 42

Cytokinesis

Answer 42

final step of meiosis in which the cytoplasm completely divide to form 4 haploid cells.

Question 43

what happens when gametes combine in fertilization?

Answer 43

the number of chromosomes is restored.

Question 44

what is meiosis considered, and why?

Answer 44

a reduction division because, the chromosome number is reduced from diploid to haploid

Question 45

diploid

Answer 45

46 chromosomes

Question 46

haploid

Answer 46

23 chromosomes

Question 47

meiosis leads to greater _______

Answer 47

genetic variation by reshuffling genes

Question 48

when does crossing over occur

Answer 48

prophase 1 of meiosis

Question 49

what is crossing over

Answer 49

shuffles the maternal and the paternal alleles of genes so that pretty much every gamete has a new and unique mixture of maternal and paternal alleles.

Question 50

what is The second factor that leads to genetic variation

Answer 50

law of independent assortment which is the random alignment of maternal and paternal chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis.

Question 51

why is variation important

Answer 51

Variation is important because the more a population varies, the better it will be able to deal with any change in its environment

Question 52

mitosis simple definition

Answer 52

An asexual reproduction process in which the cell divides in two identical cells. No genetic variation, All cells the same.

Question 53

meiosis simple definition

Answer 53

A sexual reproduction process where the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes, producing four haploid cells. genetic variation because all the cells are different

Question 54

mitosis chromosome number

Answer 54

46 (stays the same)

Question 55

meiosis chromosome number

Answer 55

23 (reduced by half)

Question 56

mitosis amount of cells made

Answer 56

2 identical somatic (body) cells

Question 57

Meiosis amount of cells made

Answer 57

4 different sperm/egg cells

Question 58

do chromosomes cross over in mitosis

Answer 58

no

Question 59

do homolog chromosomes pair in mitosis

Answer 59

no

Question 60

do chromosomes cross over in meiosis

Answer 60

yes, genes are exchanges in prophase 1

Question 61

do homolog chromosomes pair in meiosis

Answer 61

yes, mom and dad chromosomes pair up

Question 62

stages of mitosis?

Answer 62

PMAT

Question 63

stages of meiosis?

Answer 63

PMAT x2

Question 64

separates pairs of homologous chromosomes

Answer 64

meiosis 1 and 2

Question 65

separates sister chromatids

Answer 65

mitosis and meiosis 2

Question 66

XX

Answer 66

female

Question 67

XY

Answer 67

male

Question 68

Anything chroma is ___

Answer 68

DNA