Unit 11 Biology

Question 1

What objects are 4.6 billion years old

Answer 1

*Earth
*Moon
*Moon rocks
*Meteorites
*Solar system

Question 2

The Earth is old as

Answer 2

*The oldest rocks
–Radiometric dating evidence: 4.2 billion years old

Question 3

Scientists think the solar system formed at the same time as the Earth, which means?

Answer 3

*Earth should be the image as meteorites and the moon
*Moon rocks are 4.6 billion years
*All the evidence: 4.6 billion years old

Question 4

Life didn’t exist for the first ___

Answer 4

3.9 million years

Question 5

What did the early atmosphere contain?

Answer 5

*Carbon dioxide
*Nitrogen
*Water vapor
*Methane
*Ammonia

Question 6

What did the early atmosphere not contain?

Answer 6

Oxygen

Question 7

Define Primordial Soup

Answer 7

The Earth’s oceans contained many different organic molecules that formed spontaneously in chemical reactions activated by energy from solar radiation, volcanic eruptions and lighting

Question 8

The Primordial Soup consists of

Answer 8

*Carbon dioxide
*Nitrogen
*Water vapor
*Methane
*Ammonia

Question 9

What did Miller and Urey make?

Answer 9

Miller and Urey made an apparatus to test the Primordial Soup theory

Question 10

What did the Miller-Urey demonstrate?

Answer 10

Amino acids forming, which supported the Primordial Soup theory

Question 11

Detail the problems with the Miller Urey experiment

Answer 11

*It had been reevaluated since new discoveries
*The no oxygen meant no ozone, which UV rays would destroy gases used in Miller’s experiment
*Without those gases, it wouldn’t work

Question 12

Define Bubble Model

Answer 12

The key processes that formed the chemicals needed for life were in bubbles on the ocean’s surface

Question 13

The Bubble Model process

Answer 13

*Gases were trapped in underwater bubbles
*Gases underwent chemical reactions
*They were then ejected into the atmosphere
*It underwent further reactions
*Simple and complex compounds fell into the oceans

Question 14

After amino acids formed, _____

Answer 14

It had to be able to reproduce - RNA and DNA are the basic requirements for reproduction

Question 15

Define RNA

Answer 15

The first self-replicating info storage molecule and it catalyzed the assembly of the first protein

Question 16

What developed first?

Answer 16

RNA

Question 17

What do certain viruses contain?

Answer 17

*Only RNA as their genetic material
–Their RNA, when released into a host cell, is used as a template for new DNA

Question 18

Many scientists agree that DNA ______

Answer 18

That DNA developed after RNA - and RNA developed a means to transfer their characteristics

Question 19

Define prokaryotes

Answer 19

*No nucleus
*Single cell organism

Question 20

Define eukaryotes

Answer 20

*Comes after prokaryote
*More complex
*Has a nucleus

Question 21

What’s the oldest known eukaryote cell

Answer 21

2.1 billion years

Question 22

Darwin’s hypothesis

Answer 22

That new species could appear gradually through small changes in ancestry

Question 23

Define natural selection

Answer 23

Individuals that have physical or behavioral traits that better suit their environment are more likely to survive and will reproduce more successfully than those that do not have such traits