Unit 1.1 Biological Molecules

Question 1

Explain how all living things have a similar biochemical basis

Question 2

Quickly summarise, what is a monomer?

Answer 2

Smaller units from which larger molecules are made

Question 3

Describe polymers
And state what they are made from

Answer 3

…
They are made from a large number of polymers

Question 4

Name examples of monomers

Answer 4

Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Nucleotides
…

Question 5

What reaction joins to molecules together? Describe how this happens.
What bond does this form? How?

Answer 5

Condensation reaction
…

A condensation reaction forms a chemical bond and involves the elimination of a water molecule.
A condensation reaction between two monosaccharides form a glycosidic bond.

Question 6

Decried what a hydrolysis reaction does

Answer 6

It breaks a chemical bond between two molecules, involving the use of a water molecule

Question 7

What are monosaccharide monomers?

Answer 7

Monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made

Question 8

List some common monosaccharides

Answer 8

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

Question 9

What are disaccharides?

Answer 9

Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides

Question 10

A condensation reaction occurs between two glucose molecules, what disaccharide is formed?

Answer 10

Maltose

Question 11

A condensation reaction occurs between a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule, what disaccharide is formed?

Answer 11

Sucrose

Question 12

A condensation reaction occurs between a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule, what disaccharide is formed?

Answer 12

Lactose

Question 13

How many isomers does glucose have?
What are they?
How does glucose have two isomers?

Answer 13

2

Alpha-glucose and beta-glucose

…

Question 14

Can you draw the structure of an alpha-glucose isomer?

Question 15

Can you draw the structure of a beta-glucose isomer?

Question 16

How are polysaccharides made?

Answer 16

They are formed by the condensation of many glucose units.
…

Question 17

What is formed by the condensation of alpha-glucose?

Answer 17

Glycogen and starch

Question 18

What is formed by the condensation of beta-glucose?

Answer 18

Cellulose

Question 19

Describe the basic structure and functions of glycogen

Question 20

Describe the basic structure and functions of starch

Question 21

Describe the basic structure and functions of cellulose

Question 22

Describe the relationship of structure and function of glycogen in animal cells

Question 23

Describe the relationship of structure and function of starch in animal cells

Question 24

Describe the relationship of structure and function of cellulose in animal cells

Question 25

Describe the relationship of structure and function of glycogen in plant cells

Question 26

Describe the relationship of structure and function of starch in plant cells

Question 27

Describe the relationship of structure and function of cellulose in plant cells