unit 11

Question 1

What are the features of gas exchange surfaces in humans?

Answer 1

large surface area, thin
surface, good blood supply and good ventilation
with air

Question 2

What is the function of cartilage in the trachea?

Answer 2

helps keep trachea from collapsing

Question 3

Inhalation process

Answer 3

Diaphragm contracts and flattens. Internal intercostal muscles relax. External intercostal muscles contract. Ribs move up and out. Thorax volume increases. (air) pressure decreases. Air enters lungs to equilibrate.

Question 4

Exhalation process

Answer 4

Diaphragm relaxes and moves out. Internal intercostal muscles contract. External intercostal muscles relax. Ribs move down and up. Thorax volume decreases. (air) pressure increases. Air exits lungs to equilibrate.

Question 5

The difference between inspired x expired air

Answer 5

In inspired air, oxygen is more, CO2 concentration is less. In expired air, oxygen is less, CO2 is more.. Water vapour concentration is also higher in exhaled air, lower in inspired.

Question 6

What do we use to test inspired and expired air’s composition?

Answer 6

Limewater (cloudy - positive. clear - negative)

Question 7

What are the effects of physical
activity on the rate and depth of breathing

Answer 7

an increased carbon dioxide concentration in the
blood, which is detected by the brain, leading to
an increased rate and greater depth of breathing

Question 8

what do goblet cells do?

Answer 8

Goblet cells in the lung epithelium produce and secrete mucus.

Question 9

What does mucus do?

Answer 9

Traps bacteria and viruses and any other particles that enter our lungs

Question 10

What do cillia do?

Answer 10

They push mucus and other small particles towards the nose and throat (cough/sneeze)

Question 11

What are cillia?

Answer 11

Small hairs on the surface of the epithelial cells