mocks <3 Flashcards
species
a group of organisms that
can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
binomial system of naming species
an internationally agreed system in which the
scientific name of an organism is made up of two
parts showing the genus and species
magnification (Formula)
magnification = image size ÷ actual size
diffusion
as the net movement
of particles from a region of their higher
concentration to a region of their lower
concentration (i.e. down a concentration
gradient), as a result of their random movement
osmosis
as the net movement of
water molecules from a region of higher water
potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower
water potential (concentrated solution), through
a partially permeable membrane
active transport
as the movement of
particles through a cell membrane from a region
of lower concentration to a region of higher
concentration (i.e. against a concentration
gradient), using energy from respiration
catalyst
as a substance that increases
the rate of a chemical reaction and is not
changed by the reaction
enzymes
as proteins that are involved
in all metabolic reactions, where they function as
biological catalysts
photosynthesis
as the process by
which plants synthesise carbohydrates from raw
materials using energy from light
word equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
in the presence of light and chlorophyll
balanced chemical equation for
photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
chlorophyll
is a green pigment that is
found in chloroplasts
physical digestion
as the breakdown of
food into smaller pieces without chemical change
to the food molecules
chemical digestion
as the break down
of large insoluble molecules into small soluble
molecules
bile
an alkaline mixture that
neutralises the acidic mixture of food and gastric
juices entering the duodenum from the stomach,
to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action
transpiration
as the loss of water vapour
from leaves
translocation
as the movement of
sucrose and amino acids in phloem from sources
to sinks
circulatory system
as a system of
blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure
one-way flow of blood
coronary heart disease
in terms of
the blockage of coronary arteries
Describe the process of clotting
as the conversion
of fibrinogen to fibrin to form a mesh
pathogen
as a disease-causing
organism
a transmissible disease
as a disease in
which the pathogen can be passed from one host
to another
active immunity
as defence against a
pathogen by antibody production in the body
antibodies
as proteins that bind
to antigens leading to direct destruction
of pathogens or marking of pathogens for
destruction by phagocytes
passive immunity
is a short-term
defence against a pathogen by antibodies
acquired from another individual, including
across the placenta and in breast milk
cholera
as a disease caused by a
bacterium which is transmitted in contaminated
water
aerobic respiration
as the chemical
reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down
nutrient molecules to release energy
State the word equation for aerobic respiration as
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
State the balanced chemical equation for aerobic
respiration as:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
anaerobic respiration
as the chemical
reactions in cells that break down nutrient
molecules to release energy without using
oxygen
State the word equation for anaerobic respiration
in yeast as:
glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide
State the balanced chemical equation for
anaerobic respiration in yeast as:
C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
State the word equation for anaerobic respiration
in muscles during vigorous exercise as:
glucose → lactic acid
e deamination
as the removal of the
nitrogen-containing part of amino acids to form
urea
synapse
as a junction between two
neurones
sense organs
as groups of receptor cells
responding to specific stimuli:
hormone
as a chemical substance,
produced by a gland and carried by the blood,
which alters the activity of one or more specific
target organs
2 Identify in dia
e homeostasis
as the maintenance of a
constant internal environment
gravitropism
as a response in which
parts of a plant grow towards or away from
gravity
Describe phototropism
as a response in which
parts of a plant grow towards or away from the
direction of the light source
3 Investigate and describe gravi
drug
as any substance taken into the
body that modifies or affects chemical reactions
in the body
e asexual reproduction
as a process
resulting in the production of genetically
identical offspring from one parent
sexual reproduction
as a process
involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes
to form a zygote and the production of offspring
that are genetically different from each other
fertilisation
as the fusion of the nuclei of
gametes
self-pollination
as the transfer of pollen
grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma
of the same flower or a different flower on the
same plant
pollination
as the transfer of pollen
grains from an anther to a stigma
e cross-pollination
as the transfer of
pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the
stigma of a flower on a different plant of the
same species
fertilisation (in humans)
as the fusion of the nuclei
from a male gamete (sperm) and a female
gamete (egg cell)
a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
as
an infection that is transmitted through sexual
contact
