Unit 1.1

Question 0

The Enlightment shocked early Americans because…

Answer 0

Followers valued science over faith

Question 1

Name two groups which first settled North America

Answer 1

Puritans (pilgrims) and Planters (came to make money)

Question 2

A key historical theme in early writing is…

Answer 2

Creating a nation

Question 3

How did the attitudes about the natural environment differ between Native Americans and early settlers?

Answer 3

Native Americans said they belonged to the land. Early settlers said that the land belonged to them

Question 4

Richard and Increase Mather saw the environment from a _____ point of view

Answer 4

Religious

Question 5

Defn. Of theme

Answer 5

The central idea, message, or insight of life that a literary work reveals

Question 6

Name three early American themes

Answer 6

Wilderness, community, individualism

Question 7

Name three political forces which affected early American literature

Answer 7

Puritanism, the Enlighment, Native Americans and African Americans

Question 8

Early American writers played three different roles:

Answer 8

Oral Poet and Historian, Preacher and Lawmaker, Autobiographers

Question 9

Biography: Cabeza de Vaca

Answer 9

• originally a treasurer on an expedition from Spain to the New World
• Reached FL in 1528
• expedition dissolved and he was shipped wrecked on an island off the TX coast
• was captured by Indians but then escaped
• Wandered with Esteban (a Moor as a companion) for eight years until reached northwest Mexico
• Publisheed The Shipwrecked Men 1542 (adventures in a part of the New World)
• returned to Spain and appointed governor of Paraguay
  
  • led expedition through the Amazonian jungles of Paraguay in 1540, but colonists revolted and ship was sailed back as chains
  • Exiled to Africa, but then ended up living in Spain writing more account about the New World
• His name: 13th century- Alhaja helped the Spanish forces in a battle by marking a crucial mt. pass w/ the head of a cow. (King gave the name)

Question 10

Refer to “The Narrative of His Journey”

Answer 10

Done

Question 11

Refer to “First Settlers”

Answer 11

Done

Question 12

William Bradford’s Purpose

Answer 12

• To inform: Bradford sought to tell the new generation about the Pilgrim’s history
• To persuade: Bradford sought to inspire the new generation to uphold Puritan values
• His style was Puritan Plain Style- simple, direct, no metaphor

Question 13

William Bradford

Answer 13

• Endurance, intelligence, courage, and faith qualities
• born in Yorkshire, England
• Puritans went from Holland to North America
• Most likely 1st hand account
• Was reelected 30x for colony’s leader (governor!)
• Good relationship with Indians (MAJOR)
• Institute town meeting (issues to solve)
• Judge and Jury
• His wife drowned by falling off the ship
• Courage and faith sustained him
  
  • Metaphor: EXODUS
• organized to repay
• self-educated (foreign languages and Bible) through books
• Church was corrupt
• Not everyone came for religious reasons (like Bradford)
• It was lost (found in a library) and published until 1856
• He talks about himself in 3rd person (Not of many hats)

Question 14

Peril

Answer 14

(n.) danger

Question 15

Habituation

Answer 15

(n.) a place of residence; dwelling

Question 16

Adversity

Answer 16

(n.) hardship, difficulty

Question 17

Calamity

Answer 17

(n.) disaster, catastrophe

Question 18

Relent

Answer 18

(v.) to become les harsh; to be more merciful

Question 19

Fain

Answer 19

(adv.) gladly

Question 20

Stauch

Answer 20

(adj.) watertight

Question 21

Hull

Answer 21

(v.) drift with the wind

Question 22

Lusty

Answer 22

(adj.) strong, hearty

Question 23

Halyards

Answer 23

(n.) ropes for raising or lowering sails

Question 24

Shoals

Answer 24

(n.) sandbars or shallow areas that are dangerous to navigate

Question 25

Withal

Answer 25

(adv.) also

Question 26

Succor

Answer 26

(n.) help; relief

Question 27

Scurvy

Answer 27

(n.) disease cause by a vitamin C deficiency

Question 28

Homely

Answer 28

(adj.) homely

Question 29

Carriage

Answer 29

(n.) behavior

Question 30

Sachem

Answer 30

(n.) the chief of a tribe

Question 31

Entreated

Answer 31

(v.) begged; implored

Question 32

Feigned

Answer 32

(v.) pretended

Question 33

Subsisted

Answer 33

(v.) Remained alive; were sustained

Question 34

Successive

Answer 34

(adj.) following one after another

Question 35

Advantageous

Answer 35

(adj.) favorable; beneficial

Question 36

Traversed

Answer 36

(v.) moved over, across, or through

Question 37

Singular

Answer 37

(adj.) strange

Question 38

Besought

Answer 38

(v.) pleaded with

Question 39

Abode

Answer 39

(n.) residence

Question 40

Foresake

Answer 40

(v.) abandon

Question 41

Allusion

Answer 41

Is a reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of. By using allusions, writers can suggest complex ideas simply and easily.
I.e. Blue suede shoes
More ex.
-p. 60 “It is recorded in Scripture as a mercy to apostle and his shipwrecked company that the barbarians showed them no small kindess…” Paul was treated kindly. This showed how life was hard
- p. 61 wilderness (like milk and honey)

Question 42

Refer to “Grammar in Action WKSHT”

Answer 42

Done

Question 43

Refer to “Verbals: Identitfying Verbals”

Answer 43

Done

Question 44

Introductory Adverb Clause

Answer 44

An adverb clause is a part of a complex sentence. It is a subordinate clause bc it cannot stand alone. Adverb clauses begin with conjuctions like the following: BECAUSE, SINCE, EVEN THOUGH, THROUGH, IF, WHILE, etc. (Refer to p. 953) Beginning a sentence with an adverb clause provides a change of pace to the orginary structure of a sentence

Question 45

Refer to “The History of Plymouth Plantation by William Bradford: Study Guide”

Answer 45

Done