Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DT > Unit 10 (Commercial Production) > Flashcards

Unit 10 (Commercial Production) Flashcards

1
Q

Distinguish between JIT and JIC production strategies (2)

A

Just In Time- manufacturers respond to market needs as the need arises (goods are made to order when requested)

Just In Case- manufacturers focus on creating products in anticipation of market demand (goal to reduce costs by taking advantage of economies of scale)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the advantages and disadvantages of JIC (3 + 3)

A

Just In Case

ADVANTAGES

  • fast distribution of parts available/ easily capable of meeting need
  • buffer (reserve) of items in case of issue/ delay
  • lower capital cost (less dependent on complex ICT)

DISADVANTAGES

  • higher capital costs for space
  • higher wastage due to spoilage (items expiring)
  • risk of changing market could leave manufacturer with unsellable goods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the advantages and disadvantages of JIT (2 + 2)

A

Just In Time

ADVANTAGES

  • low waste due to lack of over-production
  • lower costs (no inventory to manage)

DISADVANTAGES

  • delay between ordering and delivery (longer wait compared to JIC)
  • Manufacturers cannot take advantage of same economies of scale as JIC, since they purchase smaller quantities of materials
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Distinguish between a push and pull manufacturing strategy (2)

A

PUSH- supply, wait for demand

PULL- wait for demand, supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define lean production (1)

A

the aim to minimise waste and maximise the value of a product (based on consumer perspective).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name the five steps of lean production (5)

A

1) specify the value from the customer’s perspective

2) map all the steps to bring product to customer

3) establish the continuous flow of production

4) implement pull market system

5) continue to eliminate waste, continuously improve system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List the advantages of lean production (6)

A

continuous improvement –>

increased productivity

increased quality of product

cost reductions (increased profits)

improved working conditions for workers

competitive advantage

reduced environmental impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the disadvantages of lean production (4)

A
  • high capital costs due to investments in JIT and IT
  • difficult to implement changes in production system (resistance from existing process)
  • dependent on a highly integrated system (issues can break down entire complex system)
  • lack of inventory –> difficult to respond to sudden changes in demand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the characteristics of lean production (4)

A
  • JIT system/ supplies
  • highly trained, multi-skilled workers
  • zero defects
  • quality control, constant improvement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define value stream mapping (1)

A

tool used to analyse current/ future production and delivery, in order to identify areas of improvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the advantages of a product family (4)

A
  • reduced overall manufacturing costs (shared processes)
  • reduced R&D costs
  • attract a wider range of customers
  • reduction in waste (can be used to make another product)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Kaizen (1)

A

Kai = change

Zen = good

a philosophy of continual improvement, central to lean production

(emphasises the workforce as the most important part of the manufacturing system, empowers them to identify and make changes in system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List the 5S (5)

A
  • Sort (the required tools/ resources)
  • Set in order (the work environment)
  • Shine (a clean work environment)
  • Standardise (responsibilities, habits)
  • Sustain (maintain and review)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the 8 wastes in lean manufacturing (7)

A

WITUDOM

  • waiting (time)
  • inventory (space)
  • transport (time + costs)
  • unused knowledge
  • defects (time + resources)
  • over production (time + resources)
  • motion (time)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define CIM (1)

A

Computer integrated manufacturing is the integration of IT into all aspects of production for the aim of optimisation.

Combines JIT principles and lean manufacturing approach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List the elements of CIM (7)

A

IMP DP CD

INVENTORY CONTROL
computerised system manages re-ordering supplies, tracking materials on the production line, and keeping up with JIT principles

MANUFACTURING
using CAD/ CAM technologies and automated manufacturing systems, closely monitored and interlinked with IT processes

PLANNING
generation of a production plan, taking into account all variables

DISTRIBUTION
management and organisation of raw materials, finished products and shipping of the products to clients

PURCHASING
coordination of purchasing materials and parts, while keeping inventory at a minimum (JIT principles)

COST ACCOUNTING
tracking of costs, payments, investment, to ensure efficiency

DESIGN
implementation of CAD/ CAM technology to design, prototype and iterate a design

17
Q

Why is small scale production unfavourable for CIM systems? (1)

A

high initial investment and low economy of scale make CIM ineffective

18
Q

List the advantages and disadvantages of CIM when applied to batch/ mass production (2 + 2)

A

PROS
- fully automated system cost effective at larger economies of scale
- maintenance can be monitored and managed

CONS
- high initial cost of investment + training (operation + maintenance)
- job loss due to automation

19
Q

Define tolerance (1)

A

the allowable amount of variable within a particular quality (eg. the weight tolerance of a bike frame, ±100g from 2kg set weight).

20
Q

Define destructive testing (1)

A

testing a product in a manner that destroys/ physically deforms the part, eg. heat resistance, compression, toughness

21
Q

Define non-destructive testing (1)

A

testing a product in a manner that does not damage or change its properties, eg. weight, colour, size

22
Q

Define inspection (1)

A

the checking of qualities at different stages in the production process

23
Q

List the advantages and disadvantages of CIM when applied to mass customisation (3 + 2)

A

PROS
- greater range of choice for clients, easier to meet unique needs
- fully automated system cost effective at larger economies of scale
- maintenance can be monitored and managed

CONS
- high initial cost of investment + training (operation + maintenance)
- job loss due to automation

24
Q

Define the goal of quality control (1)

A

to product the same part repeatedly with a minimum or no waste

25
Q

Define SPC

A

Statistical Process Control

a statistical tool that ensures a process operates efficiently- goal to reduce waste, increase productivity and discover abnormalities

eg. airlines collecting data on delays, lost luggage and customer satisfaction in order to identify inefficiencies

26
Q

Define QA

A

Quality Assurance

the goal to reduce or avoid errors or defective products being delivered to the customer

eg. testing raw materials for suitability before beginning production

27
Q

Distinguish between the Manufacturers Suggested Retail Price (MSRP), the wholesale price, and the typical manufacturing price (3)

A

MSRP
price suggested by the manufacturer for retailers, in order to keep prices consistent across regions (retailers do not always follow)

WHOLESALE
cost of product sold by wholesaler, typically twice the manufacturer’s price, while still lower than retailers.

TYPICAL MANU. PRICE
cost of product sold direct from manufacturer (fixed costs + variable costs + profit margin)

28
Q

Distinguish between price-minus and price-plus pricing (2)

A

PRICE-MINUS

research –> max price consumers willing to pay is determined –> manufacture designed based on constraint

PRICE-PLUS
manufacture designed –> cost calculated –> profit margin added on

29
Q

Outline how to calculate ROI (1)

A

Return On Investment

(profit on unit) / (total cost of unit) = % efficiency

30
Q

Define sales volume (1)

A

number of products sold within a specific time

31
Q

Define financial return (1)

A

profit gained from an investment in the product life cycle (eg. manufacturing, transport, marketing, etc)

DT (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions