Unit 1: World War 1 :Test #2

Question 1

Schlieffen Plan

Answer 1

• Germany’s military strategy in 1914 for attacking France through its unprotected Belgian border.
• Wanted to take Paris ( the capital/ the “heart of the country”, the pride and joy of the country)
• Created by General Schlieffen
• Goal was to quickly defeat France before the Russians attacked,so Germany would not have to fight a two front war. Wanted to defeat France in 6 weeks.
• On August 4th 1914 ,they launched the plan,crossing the neutral frontier of Belgium without warning(they wanted to avoid the heavily armed and defended French-German border

Question 2

Battle of the Marne (1914)

Answer 2

-On August 4th 1914 Germany launched the Schlieffen Plan, crossing and conquering Belgium. The German army pushed south into France. French and British troops established a line of defence along the River Mare north of Paris. In this battle the Allied Forces ( Triple Entente) held and launched a counterattack . This stalled the German offensive- Remember Germany wanted to defeat France in 6 weeks.

Question 3

Battle of the Marne(1918)

Answer 3

The second battle of the Marne. On July 18th the Allied troops along with ( fresh) American troops ( America entered the war in 1917) pushed the Germans back over the Marne

• THIS IS SIGNIFICANT b/c it was the turning point of the war,and the end of stalemate
• After this battle Allies would have the initiative

Question 4

Battle of Tannerberg

Answer 4

• Occurred on the Eastern Front
• At the beginning of the war Russian forces launched an attack on Germany and Austria-Hungary, the Germans counterattacked near the town of Tannenberg . During the 4 day battle the Germans crushed the Russian army,and drove it into full retreat. More than 30,000 soldiers were killed and 100,000 were taken prisoner.

Question 5

Battle of the Sommes ( Beaumont -Hamel) (1916)

Answer 5

The British controlled offensive on July 16th 1916, that was designed to break through German lines.Hundreds of thousands of soldiers. French ,British and Canadian causalities exceed 1 million.

Question 6

Zimmerman telegram

Answer 6

The telegram From Germany ( from German foreign Minister Arthur Zimmerman to the German Minister to Mexico) to Mexico, that offered Mexico United States territory to Mexico in return for joining the German cause.
They said that once they won the war in Europe they would come over and help Mexico defeat the US(?)

This telegram was deciphered by British cryptographer in January of 1917. It helped get the Americans into the war and changed the course of history. The British waited and until February 24 and presented the telegram to Woodrow Wilson. The American press published news of the telegram on March 1. On April 6 1917 the united states declared war on Germany and its Allies

Question 7

Treaty of Brest - Litovsk

Answer 7

• (AKA The treaty that got Russia out of the war)
• This was the treaty signed in March 1918 between Russia and Germany that brought an end to fighting on the Eastern Front
• terms were harsh- Russia lost one third its population and agricultural land and almost all of its coal reserves.
• was significant because it allowed Germans to the focus their full military strength on the Western Front

Question 8

Armistice

Answer 8

(Maynard)- an end to hostilities ,(Text) or a temporary truce between two opposing parties.

Question 9

Allied powers

Answer 9

Britain( & its colonies Canada, Australia, India..etc),France(& colonies) , Russia, Italy( 1915), Serbia, Greece ,Belgium etc… And the united states (1917)

Question 10

Central Powers

Answer 10

Germany, Austria Hungary ,and the Ottoman Empire

Question 11

Explain how Trench warfare contributed to the stalemate on the Western Front

Answer 11

• There was an Equality on both sides
• Same weaponry/ military technology( machine guns, artillery guns, barbed ware)
• Same Zig Zag trenches( with three trenches) making it difficult if the enemy did make it through No Man’s Land to capture the trench
• Soldiers on both sides were experiencing the same horrific conditions ( The lack of Hygiene, the rats, the mud, Trench foot,trench fever, the lice, seeing “pals” and those around you dying, lost morale)
• Same strategy - Generals on both sides did not try a new strategy, they believed that if they continued to send more and more men over No Man’s Land, they would eventually beat the enemy.-When this did not work over and over again they did not change to a new strategy
• Predictability (-once a barrage( firing artillery shells at enemy for days to 1&1/2 weeks) was a strong indicator of an attack -Generals would blow a whistle to start attack and say/yell “Over to top”-coffins would be brought in and stacked before a big battle- Men would be ordered to cut barbed bits of barbed wire out, so they would pour through this hole during a battle,enemy would see this and be able know where to aim)
• No Man’s land was impossible to cross ( challenges; - “pals”, craters, mud ,machine gun fire, open/no cover etc)

Question 12

What were the three sections of the trenches

Answer 12

(From closest to enemy, to furthest to enemy) Front line Trench, Support Trench ,Reserve Trench

Question 13

What were the new technologies that impacted WW1

Answer 13

• machine gas
• tanks
• submarines
• aircraft
• gas

Question 14

the impact of Machine guns

Answer 14

• Machine guns may have been developed before WW1 however they were perfected as brutally effective killing machines during this war
• They resulted in millions of causalities along the killing fields of Europe
• could fire 5550 rounds per minute

Question 15

Impact of tanks

Answer 15

• tanks developed as early as 1915, but were very ineffective until the Battle of the Marne (1918)
• their tracks allowed them to go over craters ,hills ,mud and trenches-bullet proof metal allowed for troops to follow behind it and be sheltered/covered from open fire
• effective because they were able to go through No Man’s Land and end the stalemate in 1918

Question 16

impact of submarines

Answer 16

aka Uboats

• Germany’s most effective/successful technology
• “unrestricted submarine warfare”
• intimidating and scary-Germany’s killing machine
• Allies did not have the technology to track them
• German submarines were successful in many of their attempts to destroy British shipping-in 1915 they announced that all allied merchant ships entering britians waters would be sunk
• By October 1917 they had sunk 8 million tonnes of shipping
• submarine conflict( the sinking of the Lusitania by Uboats and unrestricted submarine warfare) were two reasons why the United States entered the war

Question 17

aircraft/airplanes

Answer 17

• newly developed technology
• mainly made out of wood and canvas
• used for spying/reconnaissance on the enemy
• would study and observe enemy determine attacks coming up etc
• later on in the war (by 1915) were used for a bit of bombing and dog fighting- this had very little impact on casualties and events

Question 18

impact of gas

Answer 18

• attacks using chlorine and mustard( caused violent choking, external and internal burns, blinding, an extremely painful death)
• very unpredictable killing technology(thus it wasn’t used too often), if the wind changed the gas would blow back to the side that released it
• Gas masks were being developed at that time

Question 19

Nature of war:Eastern vs Western Front

Answer 19

Similarities

• Nature of war is the same/bloody/high causalities
• poor fighting conditions(weather and morale)
• Germany is the common enemy
• Long (3+ years)

Differences
-Western front Trench war fare
-Eastern front mobile/ Germany is defeating Russia is advancing/Germany is having a successful offensive)
-Western front-both sides are equally equipped
-Eastern front: Russia is ill-equipped( 1/3 of them were sent to the front with no weapons-had to wait for another to be injured or die so they could have a chance to survive- -fought with riffles, in some cases even swords and pitchforks against machine guns)
(Western Front-ends in a victory for allied powers with the treaty of Versailles)
-Eastern front ended in the treaty of Brest Litvosk)

Question 20

Explain three reasons why the united States joined the war

Answer 20

• The sinking of the Lusitania ( German Uboats sunk Lusitania , a British ship that had 128 Americans on board)
• Unrestricted submarine warfare( Germany desired to cut off Britain and sank any ship bringing supplies to Britain, including american vessels)
• Zimmerman telegram

Question 21

Explain how the Russians withdrawal in the war affected the war effort and war outcome

Answer 21

• negatively impacted allies
• enabled Germany to turn/or focus the full strength of their army on the western front
• Germany obtained land, population,agriculture land and almost all the coal reserves in Russia as part of the agreement of the Brest Litovsk Treaty-It could relief food blockages it had
• If the Americans had not stepped in the Germans surely would have won the war

Question 22

Explain how the American entrance into the war affected the war effort and war outcome

Answer 22

• Americans caused allies to win the war
• brought with them new technologies
• large number of troops
• “Fresh” soldiers ( soldiers who had not fought in horrific conditions for 4 years ,were not exhausted but were eager to fight, morale,enthusiasm, pride, ego

Question 23

Analyze the social,economic and polticial impact WW1 had on Canada

Answer 23

• SOCIAL- women took up men’s roles -worked in traditional Jobs done by men,in factories,became nurses,volunteered for the war,became the head of their households effort-changed their status/ proved/showed that women were just as capable as men and could have an effect-women began to earn the right to vote
• economic- stimulated economy-new factories- HUGE manufacturing increase, increase in agriculture, in basically everything-because supplies for the war effort were produced in Canada since they could not be in Britain or France
• political-Canadians proved themselves in WW1, before the war they were considered as just another colony of Britain it was here they established themselves as a country.

Question 24

Assess the issue of responsibility for the outbreak of WW1 saying that ALL COUNTRIES are responsible

Answer 24

-MAIN ( militaristic, alliance system, Imperialism, Nationalistic)
-All countries were militaristic( they started an arms race against one another-creating tension)
-All formed alliances separating the continent into two distinct camps( Triple Alliance, Triple Entente)
- Imperialism ( all wanted to be imperial powers, -fought over/and sought after same areas of land -more tension)
- nationalistic( DEFINE AND EXTEND)
these all show that all nations were responsible
-

Question 25

Assess the issue of responsible for the outbreak of war-saying that Germany is responsible

Answer 25

• Germany was a small imperial power-had few colonies
• was envious,jealous, resentful of Britain and France( to a lesser extent)
• started an arms race(naval race) with Britain- creating tension
• Germany started the alliance system( dual alliance, triple alliance, and reinsurance treaty/so it wouldn’t have to fight a two front war
• was militaristic
• nationalistic
• attacked first/Schlieffen plan-went through neutral Belgium to do so