Treaty Of Versailles & Wilsons 14 Points Test Flashcards
Summarize Wilsons points-giving reasoning or additional information
- NO SECRET DEALS
Remember the alliance system was an underlying cause of the war - FREEDOM OF SEAS
no country should practice policies like Germany did during the war- remember unrestricted submarine warfare - FREE/FREER TRADE
-so the economies of Europe could recover from the war-and they can pay back the 10 billion dollars the owed to the United States - NO ARMS RACE
- just enough military equipment/troops/supplies etc. To defend each nation- arms race was an underlying cause of the war - END IMPERIALISM
All colonies(or colonial possessions) should be able to determine their own political and economic future- imperialism was an underlying cause of the war - THE TREATY OF BREST LITOVSK SHOULD BE MADE VOID AND NULL
Russia should get back what was lost and rebuild( perhaps turn away from communism )
7.ALL CENTRAL POWER TROOPS MUST LEAVE BELGIUM
Remember that Belgium was neutral before the war and was attack by Germany when they executed the Schlieffen Plan - ALL FRENCH TERRITORY MUST BE RETURNED BY GERMANY INCLUDINF ALSACE LORRAINE
this was controversial because it was given to Germany after the war of 1871( The Franco Prussian War) and had nothing to do with this war - ITALY WAS NOT TO BE GIVEN ANY SPECIAL CONSIDERATION IN THE PEACE PROCESS
Italy was promised territory by the Allies when they switched alliances in 1915 - AUSTRIA-HUNGARY NOT TO BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE FOR THEIR ACTIONS PRIOR TO AND DURING THE WAR
This was controversial because they acted with Germany and their aggressive imperialism/ultimatum to Serbia was one of the reasons for the outbreak of the war - ALL CENTRAL POWER TROOPS NEED TO GET OUT OF ROMANIA , SERBIA ,AND MONTENEGRO
- TURKEY SHOULD NOT BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE FOR THEIR ACTIONS DURING PRIOR TO AND DURING THE WAR
Also controversial, Turkey and the ethnicities within it who had fought with the central powers would not be held accountable
13.POLAND SHOULD BE RECREATED OUT OF GERMAN AND RUSSIAN TERRITORY
(Poland used to be a country in Europe) controversial because to create one country you have to take from another - A LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Creation of an organization for keeping the peace- based on a global collective security ( which is the notion that security for all nations and peoples can be achieved through international efforts such as the United Nations)
What were Wilsons 14 points?(List)
- No secret deals
- Freedom of the seas
- Free/Freer trade
- No arms race
- End to Imperialism
- The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk should be made null and void
- All Central Power troops must leave Belgium
- All French territory must be returned by Germany, including Alsace Lorraine
- Italy was not to be given any special consideration in the peace process
- Austria Hungary was not to be held accountable for their actions priori to and during the war
- All central powers must leave Romania, Serbia, and Montengro
- Turkey should not be accountable for their actions prior to and during the war
- Poland should be re-created out of German and Russian territory
- League of Nations
Book definition of The fourteen points
US President Wilson’s statement of principles that he believed should be the basis of the peace settlement at the end of the First World War
Treaty of Versailles
The peace settlement negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. Its terms included reparation payments ,limitations on Germany’s military force ,the surrender of German colonies , and the establishment of the League of Nations
Collective security
A group of nations acting together to preserve peace through mutual defense and security . It is what President Wilson wanted the League of Nations to provide( in other words a system to ensure world peace with the support and action of the worlds nations and to prevent future conflicts.
What were the French objectives/goals for the treaty?And why?
France had three major objectives…
-REPARATIONS
France wanted financial compensation for losses during the war-Northern France was completely destroyed/devastated after German occupation, and a raging war. Mines were flooded,railways destroyed ,and fields were torn apart by shells and trenches
-NATIONAL SECURITY
-France wanted to remove the threat of German military power. They did not want to live in fear that German could attack them once again(even though the war is over Germany is still next door)
-( In the words of Mrs Maynard )President Clemenceau want to be able to go back to his people and tell them “ you’re safe, we can rebuild”
- they demanded Alsace Lorraine/got this without a question
- Wanted the Rhineland to serve as a buffer zone-this demand rejected. however the compromise was that the Rhineland would be demilitarized.
- REVENGE
- 1 million french deaths
- destruction to their country
- experienced the war in a perspective different from the other countries( closer to home)
reparations
compensation in money or materials paid to the victorious country by the defeated country for the damage inflicted by war
ex. money,assets, mines, land etc
national security
national policies and actions taken in an effort to guarantee a country’s own safety
German objectives for the treaty
- Wants fair treatment
- wants a peace based on Wilson’s 14 points
United States Objectives for the treaty
- wants economic stability for Europe .( They are owed 10 billion dollars-they want to be paid)
- Wants The League of Nations
- Wants a Peace based on Wilson’s 14 points
Britain’s objectives for the treaty
- Reparation( Payment for lost shipping)
- Wants Germany to lose it’s navy/submarines ( think naval race-Britain doesn’t want competition, as well as unrestricted submarine warfare? BRITAIN WANTS SECURITY OF SEA LANES TO ITS EMPIRE TO BE SECURE)
- German Colonies to be given to the Allies
What type of terms does the Treaty of Versailles include?
Territorial Changes, Military Terms ,War Guilt Clause , and reparations, & other terms
What were the territorial changes in the treaty of Versailles?
- Alsace Lorraine returned to France
- Belgium,Poland and Czechoslovakia to receive German border areas
- Poland re-established as an independent state with access to the Baltic Sea (The Polish corridor to Danzig)
- Danzig to be a free city under the League of Nations
- Germany to give up all colonies to the League of Nations; mandates for administering former German colonies to Britain, France , and Japan
What were the Military Terms in the treaty of Versailles
- German army reduced to 100,000 troops
- Germany forbidden to have an air-force
- Most German naval vessels, including the submarine force, to be handed over to the Allies
- Germany forbidden to have heavy military frontier fortifications
Admission of War Guilt
1) Germany forced to accept responsibility for starting the war
- The War Guilt Clause particularly incensed( to arouse extreme anger or to cause a passion or emotion to become aroused) Germans. It demanded/or stipulated that Germany accept sole responsibility for the war. This clause that would have serious repercussions in the years to come.
