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world history > unit 1 -World Religions > Flashcards

unit 1 -World Religions Flashcards

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0
Q

judaism

A

A monotheistic religion originating with the Israelites, tracing at origins to Abraham, and having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Hebrew Scriptures and the Talmud

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1
Q

Hebrews

A

ancestors of the Jews

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2
Q

torah

A

sacred text of Judaism

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3
Q

The Torah traces the Hebrews back to who?

A

Abraham; shepherd who lived near Ur in Mesopotamia

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4
Q

Covenant

A

solemn promise

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5
Q

what was the covenant that God made with Abraham?

A

to lead Abraham and his descendants to a new home, a promised land, and to make those descendants a mighty people

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6
Q

where did God lead Abraham?

A

Canaan; him and his descendants lived there for many years

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7
Q

Who was Abraham’s grandson? And what was his nickname?

A

Jacob; Israel; lead the 12 tribes of Israel

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8
Q

patriarchs

A

ancestral fathers

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9
Q

Moses

A

Born and Israelite but raised in the Pharohs palace; God told him to lead the Israelites out of Israel (exodus)

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10
Q

The Exodus

A

The story of Moses leading the Israelites out of Egypt and; Israelites believed that these events proof that God loves them and was watching over them

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11
Q

where did God give Moses the 10 Commandments?

A

Mount Sinai

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12
Q

what do the 10 Commandments state the importance of?

A

Life, self-control, and justice; shaped the Israelites society

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13
Q

how long did the Israelites wandered in the desert for before entering Canaan?

A

40 years according to the Torah

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14
Q

what was the promised land said to be?

A

flowing with milk and honey

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15
Q

instead of having a central government, what law-enforcement was settled in Israel?

A

each community chose judges to enforce laws and settle disputes; one of the most effective was a woman named Deborah

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16
Q

Israel’s first king

A

King Saul

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17
Q

why was King Saul chosen to be the king

A

for his military leadership

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18
Q

what did King David you for Israel?

A

Israel grow into a strong kingdom centered on the capital, Jerusalem; was a well love ruler; strong military leader and king; gifted musician and poet

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19
Q

under which king did is reached the height of its wealth and influence?

A

King Solomon; traded with other powers of the near East and became very rich; used his wealth to build a temple in Jerusalem

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20
Q

what happened after King Solomon died?

A

conflict over who should be king; 10 tribes in the north formed a new Kingdom called Israel and the two tribes in the south formed the Kingdom of Judah and became known as Jews

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21
Q

Diaspora

A

scattering of the Jews outside Judah

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22
Q

monotheism

A

belief in one God

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23
Q

prophets

A

Holy men who are believed to carry messages from God

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24
Q

what happened after Persia conquered the Chaldeans?

A

The Persians that the Jews return to Jerusalem, with a rebuilt Solomons temple, which became known as the second temple

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25
Q

what are the three central beliefs of Judaism?

A

The belief in one God, justice and righteousness (respect families tell the truth and don’t cheat), and obedience to the law

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26
Q

two most sacred texts of Judaism

A

torah and Talmud

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27
Q

hinduism

A

The largest religion in India; can you believe that everything in the world is the power of Brahman, the single great universal being; they also believe in reincarnation and strive to break free from the cycle of rebirth

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28
Q

brahman

A

in Hinduism, the eternal being that created and preserves the world

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29
Q

atman

A

a soul that is an aspect of Brahman; shapes his or her personality and cannot be destroyed, even by death

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30
Q

devas

A

manifestations of Brahman that are active in the world, helping to maintain order in nature

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31
Q

most widely known three devas

A

Brahma the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver, and Siva the Destroyer

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32
Q

reincarnation

A

known as samsara in Hinduism; a continual pattern of birth, death, and rebirth.

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33
Q

karma

A

The sum of fact of humans deeds and actions during life; in Hinduism, the nature of the person’s new life will be shaped by their karma

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34
Q

what effect does karma have on a persons new life?

A

people have behaved well we’ll have good karma and will be reincarnated to a better station in the next life. Those who have bad Karma will have a lower station

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35
Q

moksha

A

escape from the cycle of rebirth; in Hinduism the ultimate goal of human existence

36
Q

what happens when a person achieves moksha?

A

the atman leaves the world and reunites fully with Brahman; releases a person from worldly cares and the difficulties of life on earth

37
Q

Dharma

A

The way to achieve moksha; Set of spiritual duties and obligations; based on the class and station in life

38
Q

sacred texts of Hinduism

A

The Vedas, later writings inspired by the Vedas, and sacred epics

39
Q

The Vedas

A

among the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism; Sacred hymns of praise; Not written by humans but revealed to them by their eternal being

40
Q

Mahabharata (Hinduism)

A

The story of a war between two families went to control part of the Ganges River Valley; it is about derma improper behavior for rulers, warriors, and others; Includes the passage that many people consider the most sacred of all Hindu texts

41
Q

Bhagavad Gita

A

considered by many to be the most sacred of all Hindu texts; included within the Mahabharata; Address is in great detail many aspects of Hindu belief and philosophy

42
Q

how do Hindus worship?

A

warship can take place anywhere

43
Q

yoga

A

A series of integrated physical and mental exercises; purpose is to teach people how to focus their bodies and minds which will aid their meditation and help them attain moksha

44
Q

pilgrimage

A

religious journey to a holy location

45
Q

what is a popular pilgrimage by the Hindu people?

A

The Ganges River; can you believe that beating in the river will purify them and remove some of their bad karma

46
Q

Jainism

A

A religion of India, sounded about the same time as Buddhism and in reaction to some Hindu practices; believers renounce worldly things, embrace self discipline, and practice nonviolence

47
Q

ahimsa

A

non-violence; central to Jain teaching; James can’t believe avoid harming any living creature, from people to insects. they are usually vegetarians

48
Q

what do the most devout of Jains do?

A

give up all possessions to become monks or nuns; they live outdoors seeking shelter only during the rainy season. Cover their mouth with masks and sweep the ground before them as they walk so they avoid accidentally killing insects by inhaling or stepping on them

49
Q

what mattered most to Confucius?

A

for everyone to live peacefully together

50
Q

what did Confucius teach?

A

outward appearances are more important than we think (respect) and to keep tradition

51
Q

Confucius’ opinion on humanity

A

all people were born honest and good, in that deep down they remain so. We are all born with sympathy and we need to make sure we do not lose it. thanks that family helps us remain good and keep morals

52
Q

“The root of humanity”

A

what Confucius thought to be the most important thing of all; respect and love for our families

53
Q

taoism

A

everything ask in accordance with one great law, the way. The law obstructs human path to success. Therefore to do nothing and let the path run its course.

54
Q

Guatama

A

the “Enlightened One” or “Buddha”

55
Q

what inspired Guatama to find enlightenment?

A

had been sheltered from all bad things in the world and when he finally discovered them, he wanted to find a way to stop all suffering - enlightenment

56
Q

what did Guatama believe you could do to stop suffering?

A

to stop desiring things or to control our greed in exchange for happiness

57
Q

4 noble truths

A

1) all people suffer
2) the root of all suffering is desire
3) if you rid yourself of desire, you’ll rid yourself of suffering
4) to rid yourself of suffering you need to follow the 8 fold path

58
Q

8 fold path

A

1) right concentration
2) right understanding
3) right thought
4) right speech
5) right action
6) right work
7) right effort
8) right mindfulness

59
Q

according to Buddhism, what is a persons highest achievement on earth?

A

to no longer have any desires

60
Q

Nirvana

A

in Buddhism, this is when the soul will no longer be reborn after death, freeing it from suffering

61
Q

middle way

A

breaking free from desires rather than cling to them

62
Q

Christianity

A

a religion based off of Jesus of Nazareths teachings

63
Q

zealots

A

a group of Jews who wanted to revolt against the Romans and re-establish the kingdom of Israel

64
Q

messiah

A

a spiritual leader who would restore the ancient kingdom and bring peace to the world

65
Q

what did Jesus teach??

A

the need to seek forgiveness for ones sins in preparation of gods judgement day

66
Q

disciples

A

followers

67
Q

apostles

A

12 disciples sent by Jesus to spread his teachings

68
Q

Paul

A

turned Christianity into a separate religion from Judaism

69
Q

what did Paul believe?

A

God had sent him to convert non Jews, or Gentiles

70
Q

what did Paul do to make Christianity different from Judaism?

A

abolished food prohibitions and emphasized new doctrines

71
Q

martyrs

A

people who die for their faith and thus inspire others to believe

72
Q

Edict of Milan

A

in 313 a law that made Christianity legal in the Roman Empire

73
Q

Eucharist

A

a ceremony of some Christian dominations that commemorates Jesus’ last supper with his disciples

74
Q

bishop

A

high ranking church official who oversees a group of churches in a particular region or city

75
Q

pope

A

head of the Roman Catholic Church

76
Q

the Arabian peninsula

A

a harsh land with a vast desert interior

77
Q

bedouins

A

nomadic Arab people’s

78
Q

why did the Arabian peninsula depend on commerce and trade??

A

because of the desert, farming was limited; trade routes converged at the peninsula

79
Q

Kaaba

A

large cube shaped structure in the town of Mecca which was considered sacred; a stone (possibly a meteorite) in the wall is said to be a relic from heaven. inside the structure were small statues of local gods

80
Q

Islams supreme God

A

Allah

81
Q

Muhammad

A

a prophet of Islam

82
Q

hegira

A

Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to medina

83
Q

Islam

A

“achieving peace through submission of God”; monotheistic whose prophet is Mohammad and holy book is the Qur’an

84
Q

Muslims

A

followers of Islam

85
Q

Qur’an

A

sacred texts of Islam

86
Q

5 pillars of Islam

A

5 basic acts of worship that are central to Islam:

1) profession of faith
2) 5 daily prayers
3) giving charity
4) fast for month of Ramadan
5) the hajj

87
Q

mosque

A

the name of the building where Muslims worship

88
Q

jihad

A

the struggle to defend the Muslim community and convert people to Islam

world history (8 decks)

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