Unit 1 vocab Flashcards
The knowledge obtained by observing natural events and conditions in order to discover facts and formulate laws or principles that can be verified or tested
Science
The study of
-the composition, structure, and properties of matter
-the processes that matter undergoes
-the energy changes that accompany these processes
Chemistry
Study of most carbon containing compounds
(excludes oxides and carbonates)
organic chemistry
Study of non-organic substances that do not have carbon
(includes oxides and carbonates)
Inorganic Chemistry
Study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy
Physical Chemistry
Identification of the components and composition of materials
Analytical Chemistry
Study of substances and processes in living things (living cells-enzymes)
Biochemistry
Use of mathematics and computers to understand the principle behind observed chemical behavior and design and predict the properties of new compounds
Theoretical Chemistry
Any substances that has a definite composition
chemical
Often accidental discoveries
Basic research
Helps solve everyday problems
-Solves a specific problem-
Applied research
lag far behind basic and applied research
technological application
Anything that has mass and takes up space
matter
a measure of the amount of matter
mass
a substance that has fixed composition. Homogeneous, and has exactly the same characteristic properties
(an element or compound)
A pure substance
The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element
atom
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom
element
A pure substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances
compound
A characteristic that can be observed or measure without changing the identity of the substance
(boiling point, color, shape)
physical property
Depends on the amount of matter that is present
(volume, mass, energy)
extensive physical properties
Does not depend on the amount of matter present
(melting point, density, conduct, electricity)
Intensive physical properties
Identity of substance does not change
Example
deposition, sublimation, and freezing
physical change
Use of mathematics and computers to understand the principle behind observed chemical behavior and design and predict properties of new compounds
Theoretical chemistry
Any substance that has a definite composition
chemical
Research that often fixes a problem accidentally
Basic research
Research that attempts to solve a specific problem
Applied research
lag far behind basic and applies research
technological application
Physical forms of matter
states of matter
Identify states of matter
-Fixed volume and shape
-particles are tightly pact
solid
Identify states of matter
-fixed volume but not a fixed shape
-particles loosely packed
liquid
Identify states of matter
-Neither fixed volume nor fixed shape
-particles move very fast
gas
Identify states of matter
-a physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons
plasma
A substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.
chemical property
The substances that react in a chemical change
reactants
The substances that are formed by the chemical change
products
What are some examples of chemical change
gas
light
color change
precipitate
temp change
Exothermic or Endothermic
Higher energy state to lower energy (energy leaves)
exothermic
Exothermic or Endothermic
Lover energy state to higher energy state (energy enters)
Endothermic
A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties
mixture
Mixtures that are uniform in composition
homogeneous mixture
Mixtures that are not uniform throughout
heterogenous
something with the same proportion of components throughout
solution
what is being dissolved
solvent
what is dissolving
solute
