Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APUSH > Unit 1: Transformation of North America > Flashcards

Unit 1: Transformation of North America Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

First Migrants into the Western hemisphere

A
  1. Migrants from Asia
  2. Ancestors of the Navajos and Apache
  3. Eskimos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bering Strait

A

100 mile wide land bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Flow of the Migrants

A

Southward towards central Mexico
Another migration eastwards into e Rockies, Mississippi Valley and eastern Woodlands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Maize cultivation results

A

Population growth
foundations for wealthy urban societies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 great empires of the Americas, keys to their power

A

Aztec and the Incas
Dense populations, productive agriculture, and an aggressive bureaucratic state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

Aztec capital city

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aztec Beliefs

A

Ruled by priests and warrior-nobles
rituals to sustain the cosmos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cuzco

A

Inca capital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inca Beliefs

A

King had divine status
subordinate kingdoms
tribute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mississippi Valley

A

Mound building and distinct pottery
maize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Eastern Woodlands

A

Algonquian and Iroquoian speakers
maize, beans, and squash
hunt, fish, and gather
seasonal burning
no single style of political organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chiefdoms

A

1 individual claiming preeminent power in a community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

paramount chiefdoms

A

Numerous communities with their own local chief banded together under a single, more powerful ruler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Native political organizations

A

Chiefdoms
paramount chiefdoms
local chief power
small independent communities
council of sachems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Council of Sachems

A

Political authority given to a group of leaders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Iroquois Confederacy

A

5 Nations acting as political confederacy, the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas , and Senecas
council of sachems
matriarchal society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

origin of the Iroquois Confederacy

A

Mohawk man, Hiawatha lost this family in a war between the 5 nations, met a spirit who taught him condolence rituals. Preached a new gospel of peace and power. Condolence rituals became the foundation for the Iroquois Confederacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Great Lakes

A

Algonquian speaking people
clan identities
network of lakes and rivers
canoes
hunting and fishing
trade routes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Great Plains and Rockies

A

Hunting and gathering
European import of the horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Arid Southwest

A

Hostile agriculture environment
large farming settlements
maize
irrigation systems
network of roads
hundreds of small villages
extended droughts and soil exhuastion led to abandonment of the Canyon
Pueblo Indians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pacific Coast

A

Hunter-gatherers
small, localized groups
diversity of languages and cultures kept them independent
ruled by wealthy families
totem poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Trade network effects

A

Tied regions together
enriched diets
enhanced economics
allowed the powerful to have luxury items
allowed native to share resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Distribution of Goods from the Leader

A

Leaders controlled a disproportionate share of wealth
redistributed it to prove their generosity and strengthen authority
strongest hunters would share food in small-kin based bands
chiefdoms, rulers would take on this role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Animist Beliefs

A

Natural world was suffused with spiritual power
rituals would appease guardian spirits
Women rituals linked to regenerative functions, Green Corn Ceremony, ritual of purification and renewal
Men rituals linked to hunting and war
Warfare was a rite of passage for young men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

European Hierarchy

A

Kings and princes owned large tracts of land, lived off of peasant labor
local nobles owned large estates and controlled many families, challenged royal authority
patriarchy
primogeniture
established institutions, nobility, church, and village

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Patriarchy in Europe

A

Property and social identity descended in male family liens
males were the head of the house, justified by the teaching of the Christian Church
Fathers bestowed all their land to their eldest son - Primogeniture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Peasant Society

A

Farmworkers who lived in small villages
farming rights on manorial lands were given in exchange for labor, serfs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Average Native Life

A

Life followed the seasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Expanding Trade NEtworks

A

Arab scholars carried on the legacy of the Byzantine civilization
12th century, Italian merchants pushed their way into Arab-dominated trade routes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Republics in Ialty

A

States governed by merchant coalitionsc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

civic humanism

A

Ideology that priased public virue and service to the state
influenced European and American conception of government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Renaissance

A

Arts and learning associated with this cultural transformation during the 1300-1450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Economic Revolution in Italy

A

Profitable commerce
wealthy merchants, bankers, and textile manufacturers
expanded trade, lent money, spurred technological innovation in silk and wool production

34
Q

European Trade Development

A

Economic revolution in Italy spread to northern and western Europe
Hanseatic League - allaince of merchant communities
merchant and artisans began to dominate growing cities and towns
power of merchants rivaled kings and nobles
rise of commerce favored the power of kings, kings forged alliances with merchants, granted privileges to guids, safeguarded commercial transactions
encouraged domestic manufacturing and foregin trade

35
Q

European Beliefs

A

Natural world was animated by spriitual forces
wise men and women developed ritual
pagan traditions

36
Q

Emperor Constantine

A

Converted to Christianity
Christianity became Rome’s official religion
Temples were remade into churches
noblemen converted religions

37
Q

Christian Doctrine

A

Natural world was flawed and fallen
spiritual power came from outside nature
religious calendar that transformed animist festivals
Taught that Satan was constantly tempting People to sin
Tools of Satan - people who spread Heresay
Suppressing false doctrines was an obligation of Christian rulers

38
Q

Causation of the Crusades

A

Christian rulers were obligated to combat Islam
Islam expansion threatened European Christendom
After Muhammad’s death, Arab people spread Muslim faith

39
Q

Crusades

A

AD 1096-1291, Christian armies undertook a series of Crusades to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands
led by the pope and Christian monarchs
Knights Templar and Teutonic Knights

40
Q

Effect of Crusades

A

Religious warfare intensified European Christian identity
prompted persecution of Jews
Introduced trade routes along the Silk Road and the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean
Europeans began to conquer eastern Mediterranean
experimented with raising sugar
previously isolated Europe was introduced to the wider world

41
Q

Martin Luther

A

German monk and professor who took up the cause of reform in the catholic church
“Ninety-Five”, condemned the Church for corrupt practices
downplayed the role of the clergy as mediators between God and believers
Believed people should look to the Bible
Translated Bible into German

42
Q

John Calvin

A

French theologian
established a rigorous Protestant regime
stressed human weakness and Gods omnipotence
“Institute of the Christian Religion” 1536, depicted god as an absolute sovereign
doctrine of predestination

43
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

War between the Holy Roman Empire and the northern principalities in Germany
controversy between the
Roman Catholic Church and radical reformers like Luther and Calvin spread throughout much of Western Europe

44
Q

Counter-Reformation

A

Within the Catholic Church, sought change and created new monastic and missionary orderso

45
Q

Roman Catholic Powers

A

Spain, Portugal, France
sought to win souls in the Americas for Church

46
Q

Protestant Nations

A

England, Netherlands
viewed the catholic church as corrupt
wanted to create godly communities for the true gospel of Christianity

47
Q

3 Climate zones in Africa

A

Sahel, flat , semiarid zone
Savanna, grassland region
Tropical rain forest

48
Q

Sudanic Civilization

A

Eastern end of West Africa
cattle, domesticated sorghum and millet, distinct pottery, techniques for copper and iron
own tradition of monotheism
stratified states

49
Q

Ghana Empire

A

AD 800
domesticated camel for trade routes

50
Q

Mali Empire

A

13th century

51
Q

Songhai Empire

A

15th century

52
Q

Similarities between 3 Empires

A

Composed of smaller vassal kingdoms
relied on military might to control their trade routes

53
Q

Gold in West Africa

A

Cornerstone of power and indispensable medium of international trade

54
Q

Mansa Musa

A

10th emperor of Mali, devout Muslim
1326, pilgrimage to Mecca
spent much gold

55
Q

Trans-Saharan Trade

A

Carried goods from the south to the north
primary avenue of trade for West Africans

56
Q

Mid-15th century, Trade with Europeans

A

Coastal trade

57
Q

Gold Coast

A

Akan states

58
Q

Slave Coast

A

Bight of Benin
early center of the slave trade

59
Q

African Beliefs

A

Learned of Islam from Arab Merchants and imams
Knew the Koran and worshipped a single God
Most West Africans, multiple gods, spirits
wise men and women
Sudanic tradition of divine kingship
large households

60
Q

Timbuktu

A

Commercial center on the Niger River
center of Islamic learning and instruction

61
Q

Prince Henry of Portugal

A

Sought a maritime route to the source of Arab merchant’s trade in West Africa
discovered a way into the Atlantic, colonized the Madeira and Azore Islands

62
Q

Coastal Kingdom Defense

A

Diseases, yellow fever, malaria, dysentery

63
Q

Bartolomeu Dias

A

Rounded the Cape of Good Hope

64
Q

Vasco Da Gama

A

Reached east Africa in 1497 and India
Set up fortified trading posts at key points around the Indian Ocean, Indonesia, and along the coast of China
sparked the momentous growth of European power and wealth
Portuguese and the Dutch replaced the Arabs as leaders in Asian Commerce

65
Q

African Slave Trade

A

Portuguese Traders ousted Arab merchants as the prime purveyors of African slaves
coerced labor
slaves were a key commodity of exchange
central to the trans-Saharan trade

66
Q

European transition to slave interest

A

Cheap labor on their sugar plantations

67
Q

Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile

A

Saw national unity and foreign commerce as the key to power and prosperity
completed the Reconquista
launched inquisition against heretics and expelled jews and Muslims

68
Q

Christopher Colombus

A

Believed the Atlantic Ocean was a narrow channel of water separating Europe from Asia
Set sail in Agust 1942
Reached the “Indies”, colonized the West Indies

69
Q

Amerigo Vespucci

A

America named after him
explored the coast of present day South America

70
Q

Juan Ponce de Leon

A

Explored the coast of Florida in 1513

71
Q

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

A

First European to see the Pacific Ocean

72
Q

Hernan Cortex

A

1519, led army to the Yucatan Peninsula, marched on Tenochtitlan and challenged Moctezuma
captured the city
1521, toppled the Aztec Empire
conquered Mayan-city states

73
Q

Silent Ally

A

Disease that ravaged Tenochtitlan and Inca population, weakened them and made them easy to conquer

74
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

1524, set out to conquer Inca in Peru
1535, completed conquest

75
Q

Effect of Aztec and Inca conquest

A

Spain was the master of the wealthiest and populous regions of the western hemisphere

76
Q

Pedro Alvares Cabral

A

1500, discovered Ihla da Vera Cruz, named Brazil

77
Q

King Dom Jao III

A

1530s, sent settlers who cared out sugar plantations

78
Q

Plantation System

A

Form of estate agriculture using slave labor that was pioneered by Italian merchants and crusading knights in the 12th century

79
Q

Chattel slavery

A

The ownership of human beings as property

80
Q

Neo-Europes

A

Colonists sought to replicate conomies and social structures they knew at home

81
Q

Origin of Europe’s interest in the Americas

A

Influence of Spain’s Conquest of the Aztecs and Inca Empires

82
Q
A

APUSH (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions