Super Mega

Question 1

Détente

Answer 1

The easing of conflict between the US and the USSR during the Nixon administration which was achieved by focusing on issues of common concerns, such as arms control and trade.

Question 2

Counter Culture

Answer 2

1960’s-1970’s anti-establishment youth movement that opposed the Vietnam War, believed in the use of mind expanding drugs and extreme liberalism.

Question 3

Silent Majority

Answer 3

The mainstream of middle American society that supported the U.S. domestic policy and foreign policy in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s and opposed the loud student/anti-war types and protestors in general with slogans such as “America Love it or Leave it”

Question 4

Domino Theory

Answer 4

The Cold War belief that if one nation comes under communist control its neighboring nations would also fall to communism.

Question 5

Great Society

Answer 5

Lyndon Johnson’s program of bringing economic, social and political progress to the U.S. from 1965-1969 – So-called “war on poverty”.

Question 6

Brinkmanship

Answer 6

Political power politics practiced by Kennedy and Khrushchev in the early 1960’s. Berlin Crisis of 1961 (Wall) and the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962). Using the threat of war.

Question 7

New Frontier

Answer 7

The domestic and foreign policy of President Kennedy

Question 8

Military Industrial Complex

Answer 8

A phrase used by Eisenhower to refer to the relationship between the military and business in the U.S.

Question 9

Korean War

Answer 9

A product of the Cold War, it was a war between North Korea, with the support of China and the Soviet Union and South Korea, with the support of the United Nations, with the principal support from the United States. The war began in 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following a series of clashes along the border. It became the first test of the Truman Doctrine and the UN intervention when communist aggression threatened the Far East.

Question 10

Massive Retaliation

Answer 10

John Foster Dulles advice and policy during the Eisenhower years to use the threat of nuclear war to prevent war and the spread of Communism. Later called MAD (Mutual Assured Destruction).

Question 11

Containment

Answer 11

The U.S. foreign policy adopted by the Truman Administration in which the U.S. would limit communism to those countries where it already existed.

Question 12

Baby Boom

Answer 12

The surge in the American birthrate between 1945-1965 which peaked in 1957 with 4.3 million births.

Question 13

Fair Deal

Answer 13

Truman’s domestic program to head off a post war depression and address important social issues facing the nation.

Question 14

Isolationism

Answer 14

The unofficial U.S. foreign policy adopted after WWI and lasted until the U.S. was drawn into WWII.

Question 15

Second New Deal

Answer 15

Legislative programs focusing on REFORM begun by FDR in 1935 when the first attempt to end the depression failed.

Question 16

Keynesian Economics

Answer 16

Government spending during depression periods and high taxes during periods of boom. (Tax and Spend) These principles were supported by FDR’s “Brain Trust”.

Question 17

Prohibition

Answer 17

The ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol with the 18th Amendment in 1920. Enforced by the Volstead Act which defined what “hard liquor” was. Prohibition repealed in 1933

Question 18

Red Scare

Answer 18

A term for anticommunist hysteria that swept through the US after WW and the fall of the Russian TzarI. Lead to the Palmer Raids and the suppression of civil liberties.

Question 19

League Of Nations

Answer 19

An organization of states proposed by Woodrow Wilson in 1919 that would provide “collective security” against war. The 14th Point of Wilson’s Fourteen Points. The US ultimately did not join the international peacekeeping organization and reverted back to isolationism.

Question 20

Great Migration

Answer 20

Migration of over 400,000 African Americans from the rural South to the industrial cities of the North during and after WWI

Question 21

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 21

African American art, music and literature that flourished in the 1920’s in New York City.

Question 22

Lost Generation

Answer 22

Alienated authors disillusioned with the 1920—conformity and culture including Faulkner, Fitzgerald, Hemingway and Gertrude Stein.

Question 23

Rugged Individualism

Answer 23

The principle of strong self-reliance in Frederick Jackson Turner’s Frontier thesis and used as a theme to the Harding election campaign of 1920.

Question 24

Hooverizing

Answer 24

Voluntary rationing of food stuffs during WWI named after Herbert Hoover the head of the Food Administration

Question 25

Scientific Management

Answer 25

(1883) Frederick Taylor’s introduction of this practice helped industrial engineers to produce more efficient factories.

Question 26

New Nationalism

Answer 26

Slogan for the reform program of Teddy Roosevelt and the Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party) in the election of 1913.

Question 27

Dollar Diplomacy

Answer 27

A type of economic imperialism in which the Taft administration’s use of monetary power created dependency among Latin Amer. Countries to the U.S.

Question 28

Roosevelt Corollary/ Big Stick Policy

Answer 28

Addendum to the Monroe Doctrine where the U.S. promised to intervene in Latin American affairs if its “police powers” needed to be used.
The nickname of Teddy Roosevelt’s bold foreign policy (gunboat diplomacy) in Latin America

Question 29

New Immigrant

Answer 29

Term applies to southern and eastern European immigrants that came to American cities in the 1890’s.

Question 30

Open Door Policy

Answer 30

Secretary of State John Hay’s plan in 1899 to give all countries equal trading rights with China and respect Chinese sovereignty. Derived from his Policy Notes which closed the door to the European/Japanese “spheres of influence”.

Question 31

Social Darwinism

Answer 31

19th century of belief that evolutionary ideas theorized by Charles Darwin could be applied to society.

Question 32

2nd Industrial Revolution

Answer 32

A second burst of inventions and economic expansion during the Gilded Age including greater use of steel, steam, electricity, and the internal combustion engine.

Question 33

Transcontinental Railroad

Answer 33

Railroad line that connected the Central Pacific to the Union Pacific lines enabling goods to move by railway from the eastern US all the way to California

Question 34

Gospel of Wealth

Answer 34

The belief that those blessed with great wealth earned it through Darwinist competition but they also were obligated to improve society and mankind through philanthropy.

Question 35

Laissez Faire

Answer 35

A doctrine supported by liberals claiming the less government does, the better the economy will be. “Hands Off” “Leave Alone”

Question 36

Sharecropping

Answer 36

Labor system by which landowners and impoverished southern farm workers, particularly African Americans, divided the proceeds from crops harvested on the landowner’s property. Ended up pushing farmers into a cash-crop production and trapped them into long term debt.

Question 37

Black Codes

Answer 37

After the Civil War, local laws passed by Southern “Johnson” governments to force Freedmen to continue working as plantation laborers. They imposed taxes, and laws meant to intimidate freedmen, and restrict blacks’ ability to own property. They condemned the newly freed slaves to conditions not unlike slavery.

Question 38

Reconstruction

Answer 38

The period following the Civil War in which the devastated Southern States were slowly restored economically, politically and socially.

Question 39

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 39

Lincoln’s 1863 proclamation that legally abolished slavery in all states that remained out of the Union. While it did not immediately free a single slave, it signaled an end to the institution of slavery.

Question 40

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 40

The idea that the people who live in the area should decide the rules and laws to govern them. Advocated by Lewis Cass and accepted by Democrats as a way to avoid tensions and political fallouts over the expansion of slavery

Question 41

Mexican-American War

Answer 41

A war fought on the principle of “manifest destiny” and supported by southern planters desiring to expand the cotton culture. Was opposed by the Northeast who thought war was “unrighteous and gave the south more political power.

Question 42

Abolitionists

Answer 42

Anti-slavery activists who demanded the immediate end of slavery.

Question 43

Sectionalism

Answer 43

Term used to describe the regions (Northeast, South & West) and differing economic, social and cultural systems and interests prior to the Civil War.

Question 44

Transcendentalism

Answer 44

A 19th century intellectual movement that posited the importance of an ideal world of mystical knowledge and harmony beyond the immediate grasp of the senses. Leaders called for the critical examination of society and emphasized individuality, self-reliance, and nonconformity

Question 45

Market Revolution

Answer 45

The dramatic increase between 1820-1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions. It reflected the increased output of farms and factories, activities of traders and merchants, and the creation of a transportation network of roads, canals, and railroads.

Question 46

1st Industrial Revolution

Answer 46

A burst of major inventions and economic expansion based on water and steam power and the use of machine technology that transformed the cotton textile industries. Ended the factory system

Question 47

Manifest Destiny

Answer 47

An almost religious belief prior to the Mexican American War that the U.S. should possess the North American continent from east to west.

Question 48

Peculiar Institution

Answer 48

The historical term used to identify slavery prior to the Civil War

Question 49

Doctrine of Separate Spheres

Answer 49

19th century belief that men were superior in worldly pursuits and women were superior in their moral influences

Question 50

Era of Good Feelings

Answer 50

Brief period of nationalism and patriotism that followed the American victory over the British in the War of 1812. It was marked by a spirit of cooperation on economic matters, internal improvements and westward expansion

Question 51

Second Great Awakening

Answer 51

Religious revivals and growth of Baptist and Methodist membership between 1800-1840 that lead to rise of major reform movements and utopian/religious sects like the Shakers & Mormons. Focus was on connecting the frontier families, and on Romanticism and Perfectionism

Question 52

Republican Motherhood

Answer 52

After the election of 1800, Jeffersonians promoted this as the ideal for women to raise their children with the idealism of the American nation.

Question 53

Great Compromise

Answer 53

Also known as the Connecticut Compromise, it established a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the lower house (House Representatives) and equal representation in the upper house [2 Senators each state].

Question 54

Articles of Confederation

Answer 54

First US government which was ineffectual in dealing with the nation’s financial and political problems because it lacked coercive power.

Question 55

2nd Continental Congress

Answer 55

This body formed the Continental Army, sent the Olive Branch Petition to Britain during the blockade of Boston, and eventually drafted the Declaration of Independence

Question 56

1st Continental Congress

Answer 56

This body drafted their Declaration of Rights and Grievances. Brought back the Association and oversaw the relief of Boston and boycott of English goods.

Question 57

Boston Tea Party

Answer 57

Organized by the Sons of Liberty, it involved the willful destruction of crates of British tea. It was a direct response to British taxation policies in the North American colonies. This group eventually forced the British to pass the Coercive Acts in 1775.

Question 58

Great Awakening

Answer 58

Major religious revival (1740-1750) prior to the American Revolution that furthered individualism, opposed established authority and furthered American nationalism.

Question 59

Boston Massacre

Answer 59

1770, street clash between townspeople and Irish soldiers ordered to guard British custom houses. Led to the deaths of 5 colonists

Question 60

Salutary Neglect

Answer 60

British colonial policy during the Reign of George I and George II. By relaxing their supervision of internal colonial affairs, royal bureaucrats inadvertently assisted in the rise of self-government in North America

Question 61

Mercantilism

Answer 61

Economic philosophy or practice in which England established the colonies to provide raw materials to the Mother country; the colonies receive manufactured goods in return.

Question 62

Columbian Exchange

Answer 62

The massive global exchange of living things, including people, animals, plants, and diseases, between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus

Question 63

Encomiendas

Answer 63

A grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the 16th Century by Spanish kings to prominent men.

Question 64

Triangular Trade

Answer 64

The primary avenue of trade for West Africans before European traders connected them to the Atlantic World. It carried slaves to the New World sugar plantations in the Spanish West Indies, Rum and Molasses to the English Colonies, and commodities sent from England.