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AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY > Unit 1- This is geography > Flashcards

Unit 1- This is geography Flashcards

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1
Q

The 5 concepts geographers use are:

A

Place, region, scale, space, and connections.

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2
Q

Maps can be used as (2 tools)

A

Reference tools and communication tools

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3
Q

Maps used as reference tools help us…?

A

find the shortest route between to places and not get list.

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4
Q

Maps used as communication tools help us…?

A

depict the distribution of human activities or physical features

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5
Q

Map scale-

A

The relationship of a feature’s size on a map to its real size on Earth

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6
Q

Three types of map scale-

A

Ratio, written, and graphic

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7
Q

A line of latitude is a parallel or median?

A

Parallel

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8
Q

A line of longitude is a parallel or median?

A

Median

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9
Q

How many time zones are there?

A

24

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10
Q

What is the universally accepted standard time? What median is it located at?

A

GMT, the Prime Meridian (0 degrees W)

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11
Q

GIScience-

A

Analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellites or other electronic information.

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12
Q

What are the three GIScience tools geographers use?

A

GPS, GiS, and remote sensing.

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13
Q

Define GPS.

A

GPS (global positioning system) is a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth.

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14
Q

Define GIS.

A

GIS (geographic information system) captures, stores, queries, and displays geographic data.

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15
Q

Define remote sensing.

A

The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting Earth.

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16
Q

Four different maps get combined into one map showing the characteristics of all four. What geographic tool was used?

A

GIS

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17
Q

What is map projection?

A

Transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map

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18
Q

What are the four types of map distortion?

A

Shape, distance, relative size, and direction.

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19
Q

Define shape distortion.

A

Appears more elongated

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20
Q

Define distance distortion.

A

The distance between two points changes.

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21
Q

Define relative size distortion.

A

The proportion of the size of two locations changes.

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22
Q

A map is in an oval shape with the top and bottom elongated. It contains significant relative size distortion. What map is this?

A

A Robinson Projection

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23
Q

A map is rectangular. There is very little relative size distortion, and there is a lot of space allocated to land. What map is this?

A

A Mercator Projection

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24
Q

What are the four ways geographers identify location?

A

Toponym (name), site, situation, and mathematical location (latitude/longitude)

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25
Q

What is toponym?

A

The name given to a place on Earth.

26
Q

What is site?

A

The physical characteristic of a place.

27
Q

What is situation?

A

The location of a place relative to the location of another.

28
Q

What is mathematical location?

A

The exact location of a place found using latitude and longitude coordinates.

29
Q

Define cultural landscape.

A

A combination of cultural, economic, and physical features.

30
Q

What are the three types of regions?

A

Formal, functional, and vernacular.

31
Q

What is a formal region?

A

Two regions that share a distinct characteristic.

32
Q

What is a functional region?

A

An area organised around a focal point, where the presence of something diminishes as you progress further from the center of said focal point.

33
Q

What is a vernacular region?

A

An area people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.

34
Q

What are the two concepts of culture?

A

What people care about, and what people take care of.

35
Q

What do people care about in terms of culture?

A

Important cultural values like religion.

36
Q

What do people take care of in terms of culture?

A

The bare essentials.

37
Q

What are the two types of scale?

A

Local and global.

38
Q

What is a transnational corporation?

A

A corporation that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries with a home factory in a single country.

39
Q

What is the Spacial Division of Labour?

A

A region’s workers specialize in a particular task or tasks.

40
Q

What is distribution?

A

The arrangement of a feature in space.

41
Q

What are the three types of distribution?

A

Density, concentration, and geometric arrangement.

42
Q

Define density.

A

The amount of something compared to the amount of space it contains.

43
Q

Define concentration.

A

The extent of a feature’s spread over space.

44
Q

Define geometric pattern-

A

The geometric arrangement of something, if there is one.

45
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The process by which a feature spreads from one place to another.

46
Q

What is a hearth?

A

A place from where an innovation originates.

47
Q

What are the two main types of diffusion?

A

Relocation diffusion and Expansion diffusion.

48
Q

What is relocation diffusion?

A

When an innovation diffuses by physical movement.

49
Q

Identify the three types of expansion diffusion.

A

Hierarchical, contagious, and stimulus diffusion.

50
Q

Define Hierarchical diffusion.

A

When an innovation diffuses from an influential figure/place to non influential figures/places.

51
Q

Define Contagious diffusion.

A

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout a population.

52
Q

Define stimulus diffusion.

A

The spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse. (Ex. apple {the company})

53
Q

What is cultural ecology?

A

The geographic study of human-environment relationships.

54
Q

What is environmental determinism?

A

The belief that where somebody is located affects how they act/what they do as a human, and how they interact with other humans. (Not used by geographers anymore)

55
Q

What is possibilism?

A

The belief that the location can affect how somebody acts, yet said human can adapt to the environment and overcome the barriers presented by it.

56
Q

What is a polder?

A

Land created by draining water.

57
Q

What is a resource?

A

A substance in the environment that is useful to people, feasible to access, and morally okay to use.

58
Q

Define sustainability.

A

The use of Earth’s resources in ways that ensure their availability in the future.

59
Q

What are the three pillars of sustainability?

A

Environmental, society, and economy.

60
Q

What is the environmental pillar of sustainability?

A

The sustainable use and management of Earth’s natural resources to meet human needs.

60
Q

What is the society pillar of sustainability?

A

Humans need resources to survive, so they make use of those resources to meet needs.

61
Q

What is the economy pillar of sustainability?

A

Natural resources acquire a monetary value through exchange in a marketplace.

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (4 decks)

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