Unit 1: Theoretical Concepts

Question 1

Ultimate Purpose of OT’s

Answer 1

To empower and enable someone to be able to perform their occupations to the best they are able, want to, and are expected

Question 2

World Federation of OT definition of OT

Answer 2

Promoting well being through occupation

Question 3

Humans are…

Answer 3

Occupational beings and have and inherent need to engage in occupation

Question 4

Occupational engagement has the ability to either…

Answer 4

Bring organization or chaos into an individuals life

Question 5

What is occupation?

Answer 5

Everything people fo to occupy themselves such as:

• Looking after themselves (self-care)
• Enjoying life (leisure)
• Contributing to social and economic elements of life (productivity)

Question 6

Occupational Engagement

Answer 6

The doing of occupation, improving health and well being (has context, meaning, and purpose)

Question 7

Task

Answer 7

A single unit of doing

Question 8

Activity

Answer 8

A collection of tasks performed chronologically

Question 9

Occupational Deprivation

Answer 9

Unable to engage in occupation for a prolonged period of time

Question 10

Occupational Alienation

Answer 10

Unable to gain meaning or purpose from occupational engagements. It can mean that a person is actively disadvantaged from engaging in an occupation of their choosing.

Question 11

Dark Occupations

Answer 11

Occupations that, when engaged with, do not enhance health or well-being

Question 12

Occupational Science

Answer 12

The study of human participation in occupation

Question 13

Occupational Justice

Answer 13

The right of every individual to have basic needs and choices in occupational engagement

Question 14

Humanistic

Answer 14

This approach views the individual as a whole. It encompasses elements of free will, self-actualization, and self-efficacy.

Question 15

In occupational therapy, the humanistic theory is…

Answer 15

Part of our development of client centeredness; it’s where we consider that power is within the relationship between the occupational therapist and client. Humanistic theory also contributes to the theories that guide the collaborative relationship between the occupational therapist and the client.

Question 16

Behavioral

Answer 16

This theory takes the view that our reactions to external stimuli have an impact on our actions. It has developed from classical conditioning to more modified behavioral principles that explain self-regulation.

Question 17

In occupational therapy, behavioral theory explains…

Answer 17

The importance of engagement in occupation in terms of “we are what we do and what we experience when we are doing.” It also relates to how clients are impacted by their environment as well as what they are doing. This theory has also made important contributions to helping clients modify their behavior for their well-being.

Question 18

Cognitive

Answer 18

This theory focuses on the complexity of the human mind in terms of its methods of processing thoughts and impact of thoughts on a person’s actions.

Question 19

In occupational therapy, cognitive theory…

Answer 19

Underpins our focus on the client’s cognitive abilities and limitations—not just their physical abilities and limitations. This theory also recognizes the importance of intertwining both the cognitive and the physical in occupational engagement. The importance of client motivation and volition can be traced to the cognitive approach, as can many of our interventions to help clients process thoughts more efficiently to enable mastery of occupational engagement.

Question 20

Psychodynamic

Answer 20

This theory asserts that we have inner thoughts that we are not conscious of, and these act as forces that shape our personality.

Question 21

In occupational therapy, psychodynamic theory contributes to…

Answer 21

Our view of the human being as a complex system that processes the experience of occupational engagement internally and then delivers an output. The internal process can be conscious or subconscious. Occupational theory accounts for the impact of occupational engagement on such internalization. It helps clients use occupational engagement to project internalized thoughts to reach acceptance and enhance their well-being.

Question 22

Biological

Answer 22

This theory views humans as a product of physiological and genetic processes; also, that there is an objective cause and effect to their being.

Question 23

In occupational therapy, this theory informs

Answer 23

Our understanding of how the presentation of symptoms arise and, in turn, how the symptoms affect the client’s occupational engagement. Occupational therapy theory considers how the symptoms present to enable occupational mastery or occupational dysfunction. The theory also guides us in how to alleviate the symptoms to achieve mastery.

Question 24

ACTIVITIES (ICF and Its Relevance to Contemporary Occupational Therapy Theory)

Answer 24

The ICF recognizes activities as the main determinants of disability.

Question 25

PARTICIPATION (ICF and Its Relevance to Contemporary Occupational Therapy Theory)

Answer 25

The ICF includes “participation in life” and “role of context” as important definitions within health.

Question 26

PERFORMANCE (ICF and Its Relevance to Contemporary Occupational Therapy Theory)

Answer 26

The ICF recognizes that there is a difference between a person’s performance in an activity and their potential performance in an activity.