Unit 1 - The Global Tapestry Flashcards
song dynasty
- Chinese dynasty
- (960 - 1279 CE)
- “golden age”
- China saw many important inventions
- magnetic compass, had a navy, paper money, gun powder
- traded with India and Persia
Confucianism
A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.
filial piety
- confucian virtue: a love and respect for one’s parents and ancestors
neo-confucianism
The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief.
theravada buddhism
- the oldest of the two major branches of Buddhism
- practiced mainly in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, and Cambodia
- conservative beliefs, holding close to the original teachings of the Buddha
mahayana buddhism
- “Great Vehicle” branch of Buddhism
- followed in China, Japan, and Central Asia.
- focus is on reverence for Buddha and for Bodhisattva, enlightened persons who have postponed Nirvana to help others attain enlightenment
- It was a more “user friendly” Buddhism that developed as Buddhism spread into East and Southeast Asia
tibetan buddhism
a Buddhist doctrine that includes elements from India that are not Buddhist and elements of preexisting shamanism, a tradition of Buddhism that teaches that people can use special techniques to harness spiritual energy and can achieve nirvana in a single lifetime
champa rice
- quick maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season
- led to increased populations in Song Dynasty
- og introduced into vietnam from india, later sent to china as a tribute gift by the champa state
grand canal
The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Dynasty.
flying money
Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency
Seljuk Empire
- Turkic empire ruled by sultans in Persia and modern-day Iraq
- 11th and 12th centuries
- Established Turks as major ethnic group carrying Islam across Eurasia, along with Arabs and Persians
- Demonstrated weakness of Abbasid caliphate in its later years
- sultans held real power in the empire
- Helped to spread the influence of Islam throughout the region
mamluk sultanate
- A political unit in Egypt established by Mamluks
- Defeated the Mongols and the Ayyubid Sultanate
- Did not set up a consistent, hereditary line of succession, which hurt them greatly
- Failed to adapt to new warfare and were eventually defeated by the Ottomans, who brought guns
- Disinterest in trade also contributed to their downfall
delhi sultanate
- the first islamic government est. within india from 1206-1520
- controlled a small area of northern india and was centered in delhi
abbasid caliphate
- 750-1258 CE
- The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering
- Had a bureaucracy that any Muslim could be a part of
house of wisdom in baghdad
- large islamic based library and learning center
- focused on converting greek and roman classics and indian learning into arabic
- preserved knowledge
bhakti movement
an immensely popular development in hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity
sufism
An Islamic mystical tradition that desired a personal union with God–divine love through intuition rather than through rational deduction and study of the Shari’a. Followed an ascetic routine (denial of physical desire to gain a spiritual goal), dedicating themselves to fasting, prayer, meditation on the Qur’an, and the avoidance of sin
feudalism
A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
vassal
a person under the protection of a feudal lord to whom he or she owes allegiance
serf
an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on their lord’s estate
manorialism
economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land; the economic side of feudalism
great zimbabwe
- A powerful state in the African interior that apparently emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast
- flourished between 1250 and 1350 C.E.