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must know people Flashcards

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1
Q

tokugawa ieyasu (1543-1616)

A
  • Role: Founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan.
  • Contribution: Unified Japan and established a long-lasting feudal regime, leading to over 250 years of peace and stability known as the Edo period.
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2
Q

Peter the Great (1672-1725)

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  • Role: Tsar of Russia.
  • Contribution: Modernized Russia, expanded its territory, and transformed it into a major European power through extensive reforms in government, military, and culture.
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3
Q

Catherine the Great (1729-1796)

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  • Role: Empress of Russia.
  • Contribution: Continued Peter the Great’s efforts to modernize Russia, expanded the empire, and was a patron of the arts, helping to usher in the Russian Enlightenment.
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4
Q

John Locke (1632-1704)

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  • Role: English philosopher.
  • Contribution: Father of liberalism, his ideas on natural rights and government by consent influenced the development of political philosophy and the American and French Revolutions.
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5
Q

Montesquieu (1689-1755)

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  • Role: French political philosopher.
  • Contribution: Articulated the theory of separation of powers, which became a cornerstone for modern democratic governance.
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6
Q

Voltaire (1694-1778)

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  • Role: French Enlightenment writer and philosopher.
  • Contribution: Advocated for civil liberties, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state.
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7
Q

Denis Diderot (1713-1784)

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  • Role: French philosopher and writer.
  • Contribution: Principal editor of the Encyclopédie, which disseminated Enlightenment ideas.
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8
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

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  • Role: Genevan philosopher.
  • Contribution: His ideas on social contract and individual freedom influenced the French Revolution and modern political and educational thought.
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9
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)

A
  • Role: English writer and advocate of women’s rights.
  • Contribution: Authored “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman,” one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy.
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10
Q

William Wilberforce (1759-1833)

A
  • Role: British politician.
  • Contribution: Leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade in the British Empire.
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11
Q

Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793)

A
  • Role: French playwright and political activist.
  • Contribution: Authored the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, advocating for women’s rights during the French Revolution.
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12
Q

Louis XVI (1754-1793)

A
  • Role: King of France.
  • Contribution: His reign ended with the French Revolution; he was executed during the Reign of Terror.
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13
Q

Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794)

A
  • Role: French revolutionary leader.
  • Contribution: Key figure in the Reign of Terror; his leadership ended with his execution.
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14
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)

A
  • Role: French military and political leader.
  • Contribution: Rose to prominence during the French Revolution, became Emperor of France, and enacted significant legal and administrative reforms (Napoleonic Code).
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15
Q

Toussaint L’Ouverture (1743-1803)

A
  • Role: Leader of the Haitian Revolution.
  • Contribution: Led the first successful slave revolt, which resulted in Haiti becoming the first independent black republic.
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16
Q

Simon Bolivar (1783-1830)

A
  • Role: South American revolutionary leader.
  • Contribution: Played a key role in the independence movements of several South American countries from Spanish rule.
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17
Q

Jose de San Martin (1778-1850)

A
  • Role: Argentine general and leader of South American independence.
  • Contribution: Key figure in the independence of Argentina, Chile, and Peru from Spanish rule.
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18
Q

Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898)

A
  • Role: German statesman.
  • Contribution: Unified Germany and served as its first Chancellor, using realpolitik and diplomacy
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19
Q

Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882)

A
  • Role: Italian nationalist and military leader.
  • Contribution: Played a crucial role in the unification of Italy through his campaigns in southern Italy.
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20
Q

camillo Cavour (1810-1861)

A
  • Role: Italian statesman.
  • Contribution: Architect of Italian unification, serving as the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia and later unified Italy.
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21
Q

Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872)

A
  • Role: Italian politician, journalist, and activist.
  • Contribution: Propagated the idea of a united and republican Italy, influencing the Italian unification movement.
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22
Q

Adam Smith (1723-1790)

A
  • Role: Scottish economist and philosopher.
  • Contribution: Author of “The Wealth of Nations,” laying the foundations of classical economics and free-market capitalism
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23
Q

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

A
  • Role: German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary.
  • Contribution: Co-authored “The Communist Manifesto” and authored “Das Kapital,” foundational texts for Marxism and socialist movements
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24
Q

Emperor Meiji (1852-1912)

A
  • Role: Emperor of Japan.
  • Contribution: Led Japan through the Meiji Restoration, transforming it from a feudal society into a modern industrialized nation.
25
Q

Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1863-1914)

A
  • role: Heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne.
  • Contribution: His assassination in 1914 triggered the outbreak of World War I.
26
Q

Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924)

A
  • Role: 28th President of the United States.
  • Contribution: Led the U.S. during World War I and crafted the League of Nations concept, although the U.S. did not join.
27
Q

Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924)

A
  • Role: Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution.
  • Contribution: Founded the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and led the October Revolution, establishing communist rule in Russia.
28
Q

Joseph Stalin (1878-1953)

A
  • Role: Leader of the Soviet Union.
  • Contribution: Ruled through totalitarian control, industrialized the Soviet Union, and led it through World War II.
29
Q

Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)

A
  • Role: Führer of Nazi Germany.
  • Contribution: Initiated World War II and perpetrated the Holocaust, resulting in the deaths of millions.
30
Q

Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)

A
  • Role: Dictator of Italy.
  • Contribution: Established a fascist regime and allied with Nazi Germany during World War II.
31
Q

Emperor Hirohito (1901-1989)

A
  • Role: Emperor of Japan.
  • Contribution: Reigned during World War II and Japan’s post-war recovery and modernization.
32
Q

Harry Truman (1884-1972)

A
  • role: 33rd President of the United States.
  • Contribution: Authorized the use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading to the end of World War II.
33
Q

Winston Churchill (1874-1965)

A
  • Role: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
  • Contribution: Led Britain during World War II with his stirring oratory and steadfast leadership.
34
Q

Neville Chamberlain (1869-1940)

A
  • Role: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
  • Contribution: Known for his policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany, culminating in the Munich Agreement.
35
Q
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36
Q

Fidel Castro (1926-2016)

A
  • Role: Leader of the Cuban Revolution.
  • Contribution: Established a communist state in Cuba and ruled as Prime Minister and President for nearly five decades.
36
Q

Ronald Reagan (1911-2004)

A
  • Role: 40th President of the United States.
  • Contribution: Promoted conservative economic policies, increased military spending, and played a significant role in ending the Cold War.
36
Q

Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969)

A
  • Role: Vietnamese revolutionary leader.
  • Contribution: Led the Viet Minh independence movement, becoming the key figure in the fight against French colonial rule and later against the United States during the Vietnam War
37
Q

Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)

A
  • Role: First Prime Minister of India.
  • Contribution: Key leader in the Indian independence movement and the architect of modern Indian state policies.
38
Q

Mikhail Gorbachev (1931-2022)

A
  • Role: Last leader of the Soviet Union.
  • Contribution: Initiated reforms like glasnost and perestroika, which led to the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
39
Q

Boris Yeltsin (1931-2007)

A
  • Role: First President of the Russian Federation.
  • Contribution: Led Russia through the transition from Soviet rule to a market economy and democracy
40
Q

Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948)

A
  • Role: Leader of the Indian independence movement.
  • Contribution: Advocated for non-violent civil disobedience, leading India to independence from British rule.
41
Q

Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972)

A
  • Role: First Prime Minister and President of Ghana.
  • Contribution: Led Ghana to independence in 1957 and promoted Pan-Africanism.
42
Q

Jomo Kenyatta (1897-1978)

A
  • Role: First Prime Minister and President of Kenya.
  • Contribution: Led Kenya to independence and became its first President.
43
Q

Nelson Mandela (1918-2013)

A
  • Role: Anti-apartheid revolutionary and President of South Africa.
  • Contribution: Fought against apartheid, was imprisoned for 27 years, and became South Africa’s first black President.
44
Q

Theodore Herzl (1860-1904)

A
  • Role: Founder of modern political Zionism.
  • Contribution: Advocated for the establishment of Israel.
45
Q

Mao Zedong (1893-1976)

A
  • Role: Leader of the Chinese Communist Party and founding father of the People’s Republic of China.
  • Contribution: Led the Communist revolution and established the People’s Republic of China.
46
Q

Deng Xiaoping (1904-1997)

A
  • Role: Chinese revolutionary and statesman.
  • Contribution: Implemented economic reforms that transformed China’s economy.
47
Q

Kemal Ataturk (1881-1938)

A
  • Role: Founder of modern Turkey.
  • Contribution: Implemented extensive modernization and secularization reforms.
48
Q

Shah Pahlavi (1919-1980)

A
  • Role: Last Shah of Iran.
  • Contribution: Known for modernization efforts and autocratic rule.
49
Q

Ayatollah Khomeini (1902-1989)

A
  • Role: Iranian religious leader and revolutionary.
  • Contribution: Led the 1979 Iranian Revolution and established the Islamic Republic of Iran.
50
Q

Norman Borlaug (1914-2009)

A
  • Role: American agronomist and humanitarian.
  • Contribution: Father of the Green Revolution, developed high-yielding crops to combat hunger.
51
Q

Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006)

A
  • Role: Dictator of Chile.
  • Contribution: Led a military coup, known for human rights abuses and economic reforms.
52
Q

Slobodan Milosevic (1941-2006)

A
  • Role: President of Serbia and Yugoslavia.
  • Contribution: Known for actions during the Yugoslav Wars and war crimes.
53
Q

Pol Pot (1925-1998)

A
  • Role: Leader of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia.
  • Contribution: Responsible for the Cambodian genocide.
54
Q

Mother Teresa (1910-1997)

A
  • Role: Roman Catholic nun and missionary.
  • Contribution: Founded the Missionaries of Charity, helping the poor and sick.
55
Q

Aung San Suu Kyi (1945-)

A
  • Role: Burmese politician and Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
  • Contribution: Leader of Myanmar’s pro-democracy movement, later criticized for handling the Rohingya crisis.
56
Q

Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo

A
  • Role: Argentine human rights group.
  • Contribution: Advocated for justice for disappeared children during the Dirty War

AP World History (5 decks)

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