Unit 0 - Foundation

Question 1

the first humans emerged in

Answer 1

africa around 2 million years ago

Question 2

paleolithic era

Answer 2

• hunters and gatherers
• early stone toles and uses of fire

Question 3

neolithic revolution

Answer 3

• emergence of agriculture independently in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China, and the Americas
• pastoralism (herding) and new technologies

Question 4

first states in

Answer 4

egypt and mesopotamia

Question 5

traits of early civilizations included

Answer 5

• new social hierarchies
• specialization of labor
• record keeping
• religion
• legal systems

Question 6

development of what religions

Answer 6

judaism, hinduism, buddhism, confucianism, daoism, islam, zoroastrianism, and christianity

Question 7

interregional exchange

Answer 7

• new technologies facilitated long distance exchange
• goods and culture were exchanged along these routes

Question 8

major trade routes

Answer 8

silk roads, indian ocean, trans-saharan, mediterranean routes

Question 9

agriculture meant stable food supply which led people to having

Answer 9

more children, population grew rapidly

Question 10

hierarchy

Answer 10

societies were broken into groups of people distinguished by class

Question 11

code of hammurabi

Answer 11

• legal code
• laid down clear lines for law breaking
• “an eye for an eye”

Question 12

emergence of written language was originally purposed to

Answer 12

keep track of agricultural supply

Question 13

formation of early empires

Answer 13

areas in close proximity especially those that held similar religious beliefs united to form empires

Question 14

what would kings do to consolidate their power in early empires

Answer 14

they would claim divinity

Question 15

importance of pastoralists

Answer 15

• people who’d still hunted and gathered
• by going to and from between major civilizations, they fostered important connections and cultural exchanges between empires

Question 16

caste system

Answer 16

• all living things were ordered into a hierarchical structure
• a living being could move up or down the structure not in this life, but in a series of successive lives depending on their behavior

Question 17

buddhism

Answer 17

• emerged from Hinduism
• taught reincarnation but different to hinduism
• “life is suffering, the reason we suffer is because we desire, to stop suffering we must kill desire” by living a life that follows a set of behaviors called the eightfold path

Question 18

Confucianism

Answer 18

• teachings of confucius
• unified china after a period of turmoil known as the warring states period
• became the bedrock of chinese society
• hierarchical system: “if everybody in a society plays their particular role and plays it rightly, society will be at peace”
• ordering of human creations

Question 19

Daoism

Answer 19

• emerges in East Asia
• people must look away from human creations and look to the order of nature for how to live

Question 20

animism and shamanism

Answer 20

• africa and the americas
• taught that the natural world had spiritual power embedded in it
• shamans were the priestly folk that had access to control and direct that spiritual power

Question 21

the Achaemenid Empire

Answer 21

• 550 to 330 BCE
• Persian Empire
• so large that the emperor used regional leaders called satraps to govern the affairs of diff districts
• produced elaborate highway systems to move armies quickly to distant parts
• overextended themselves and became vulnerable to attacks

Question 22

alexander the great

Answer 22

• greek hero
• conquered the Achaemenid Empire
• a century later, the Parthian Empire rose and took back most of what was taken by alexander

Question 23

Qin Dynasty

Answer 23

• emerged in 220 BCE after the warring states period
• mandate of heaven
• Qin Shi Huangdi: est. the philosophy of legalism
• didn’t last very long, ended in 206 BCE

Question 24

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 24

the heaves would provide the people a leader who would rule them with justice, until the ruler started governing badly and they’d lose the mandate

Question 25

Legalism

Answer 25

• gave chinese society clear rules of command and strict layers of bureaucracy and everything was good in that legalistic society as long as you followed the rules but if not the punishments were severe

Question 26

Han Dynasty

Answer 26

• lasted for 400 years after the Qin
• existed roughly at the same time period as the roman republic and the roman empire
• Hans and Romans established diplomatic ties and trade with each other
• more advanced than the romans
• began building the Great Wall of China
• dug canals north to south which flourished trade and keep empire unified

Question 27

Great Wall of China

Answer 27

• construction began with the Hans
• to stop invasions from the north
• construction continued for the next thousand years

Question 28

the Greeks

Answer 28

• introduced the ideas of citizenship and democracy
• democratic process of greece only included free white males
• people had the ability to influence their government

Question 29

the Romans

Answer 29

• greatly influenced by greeks
• dedicated to building, aqueducts, system of roads
• encouraged the spread and settlement of its people throughout the vast stretches to solidify the roman culture