Unit 1 Test Review Flashcards
The study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
Chemistry
How is organic, inorganic, biochemistry,analytical, and physical chemistry related
They are the 5 areas of study for chemistry
Study of all chemicals containing carbon
Organic chemistry
Study of chemicals that don’t contain carbon
Inorganic chemistry
Biochemistry
Study of processes that take place in organisms
Analytical chemistry
The study that focuses on composition of matter
The area that deals with the mechanism the rate and the energy that transfers that occurs when matter undergoes a change
Physical chemistry
Matter
Anything that occupies space
Mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
2 types of chemistry
Pure and applied
Is the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake
Pure chemistry
Is the research that is directed toward a practical goal or application
Applied chemistry
The _______ of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object
Volume
Is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance composition
Physical property
Substance
Matter that has a uniform and definite composition
A property that depends on the type of matter
Intensive property
A property that depends on the amount of matter
Extensive property
What are the 3 states of matter
Solid, liquid, and gas
A form of matter that has a definite shape of its container
Solid
A form of matter that has an indefinite shape flows and yet has a fixed volume
Liquid
Vapor
Describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temp as in water vapor
A physical blend of 2 or more components
Mixture
Some properties of a material change but the composition of material does not change
Physical change
A form of matter that take both the shape and volume of its container
Gas
True or false: particles in a solid are packed tightly together
True
When a solid changes to a gas
Sublimation
What are the 5 type of phase changes
Sublimation, condensation, freezing, boiling, and melting
A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout ( you can see more than one thing)
Heterogeneous mixture
A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout ( you can only see one thing)
Homogeneous mixture
This is used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties
A phase
An irreversible change in one or more substances into entirely new substances with different properties
Chemical change
Chemical property
A property of matter that describes a substances ability to participate in chemical reactions
A characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness
Physical property
The periodic table is composed of elements arranged in order of
Increasing atomic #
Horizontal rows on the periods table are called
Periods
Columns on the periodic table are called
Groups
What are the 3 types of elements
Metals, non-metals, and metalloids
Hard, shiny element that are good conductors of heat and electricity
Metals
Soft, brittle elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity
Non metals
Share some properties of metals and some properties of non-metals
Metalloids
Elements are organized into how many groups
1-18
True or false: elements in the same group have similar properties
True
Group 1 on the periodic table is called
Alkali metals
Group 2 on the periodic table is called
Alkaline earth metals
Groups 3-12 on the periodic table is called
Transition metals
Group 17 on the periodic table is called
Halogens
Group 13 on the periodic table is called
Boron family
Group 14 on the periodic table is called
Carbon family
Group 15 on the periodic table is called
Nitrogen family
Group 16 on the periodic table is called
Oxygen family
Group 18 on the periodic table is called
Noble gases
Elements 57-70 are called
Lanthanides
Elements 89-102 are called
Actinides
The basic building blocks of all matter
Atoms
What are the 3 particles atoms are made of
Protons neutrons and electrons
Where are protons located
In the nucleus
What is the charge and mass of a proton
Mass of 1 and a positive charge
Located in the nucleus has no charge and has a mass of 1
Neutrons
Have a negative charge located outside the nucleus and has no mass
Electrons
What is the same as the atomic number
Protons and electrons
Atomic mass is found by
Protons + neutrons
Neutrons is found by
Mass - protons
An electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines the atoms chemical property ( only 8 )
Valence electrons
A concept of chemical bonding theory that is based on the assumption that atoms tend to have either valence shells or full valence shells of 8 electrons
Octet rule
The arrangement of electrons in an atom
Electron configuration
How many valence electrons do the element germanium have
4
How many valence electrons do calcium have
2
How many valence electrons do helium have
8
What is a subatomic particle
Protons electrons and neutrons
How many sub shells are there and what are they
4- s,d,f, and p
What is the noble gas configuration for sodium
[Ne]- 3s1
What is the electron configuration for manganese
1s2-2s2-2p6-3s2-3p6-4s2-3d5
Is osmium a metal nonmetal or metalloids
Metal
What group is silver in
Group 11 - transition metal
Is antimony a metal nonmetal or metalloids
Metalloids
Is krypton a metal nonmetal or metalloids
Non metal
Un reactive element of group 18 of the periodic table
Noble gases
Soft and shiny extremely reactive with water
Alkali metals
Hard shiny metals very reactive
Alkaline earth metals
Strong metals that are ductile and malleable
Transition metals
Non reactive group of non metals
Noble gases
Extremely reactive elements that can form salts
Halogens
4s goes into
3d
5s goes into
4d
6s goes into
4f
4f goes into
5d
7s goes into
5f
5f goes into
6d
