Elements And Compounds Flashcards
Cation
An ion that has a positive charge
Anion
An ion that has a negative charge
Isotope
An atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element do but has a different number of neutrons
Ion
An atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a positive or negative charge
When 2 or more elements react and join together they form a
Compound
Particles within compounds are held together by
Bonds
These atoms are bonded by metallic bonds
Metals
These atoms are bonded by covalent bonds
Non metals
These atoms are bonded by ionic bonds
Metals and non metals
Why are noble gases un reactive
Because they have filled their outer electron shells
All atoms react to
Gain a filled outer electron shell
When atoms react they
Transfer electrons to gain a filled outer electron shell
When non metals and metals react they
Form an ionic compound which is held together by ionic bonds
Nuclide notation
A method to show the atomic and mass number and if appropriate the charges of the ion
Elements naturally exist in
Compounds
Why do elements form compounds
To have a full outer electron shell
Electrons are shared when
It’s a covalent bond
Electrons are transferred when
It’s a ionic bond
How to determine the chemical formula for an ionic compound
- Write down the ions of each element with its charge
- Determine the # of each ion it takes to make a compound with no charge.(criss cross applesauce)
- Write down the formula using subscripts to show how many of each ion it took
What is the formula for the compound that forms between magnesium and phosphorus
Mg3P2
How to name ionic compounds
- Write the name of the first element ( the metal )
- Write the name of the 2nd element ( the non metal ) with and ide ending
What’s the ionic compound name for K3P
Potassium Phosphide
Polyatomic ions
A positive or negatively charged, covalent bonded group of atoms
Ammonium
NH4 +1
Nitrate
NO3 -1
Hydroxide
OH -1
Phosphate
PO4 -3
Sulfate
SO4 -2
Carbonate
CO3 -2
Acetate
C2H3O2 -1
Chlorate
ClO3 -1
When writing the name of compounds what is the exception if a polyatomic ion is used
Use the specific name
How do you write Na3PO4
Nitrogen Phosphate
What is the formula for the ionic compound aluminum carbonate
Al2(CO3)3
What does the () mean in formulas
They just separate the sub shells from one another
How to name ionic compounds for transition metals
- Write the name of the first element ( the metal )and include a Roman numeral to indicate the charge of the metal
- Write the name of the 2nd element (the non metal with an ide ending
How do you write the name of CuCl
Copper ( l ) Chloride
How to determine the formula for an ionic compound with transition metals
- Write down the ions of each element with their charge
- Determine the #of each ion it takes to make a compound with no charge ( criss cross applesauce )
- Write down the formula using sub scripts to show how many of each ion it took
What cancels out in chemistry
The same positive and negative number
How do you write the chemical formula for Fe3N
Iron (l) Nitride
How to determine the name for covalent compounds Formula-Name
- Name the first element with prefix to indicate how many
- Name 2nd element with prefix to indicate how many and add an ide ending
What is the exception for naming covalent compounds. Formula - Name
Don’t use mono (1) for first element
How to determine the formula for a covalent compound. Name - formula
Use prefixes to determine subscripts
NO CRISS CROSSES OR SIMPLIFYING IN COVALENT
Covalent bond
A bond that results between non metal elements that share electrons
Diatomic molecule
A molecule that consists of 2 atoms
Give an example of a diatomic molecule
H2
Octet rule
The outer shell of an atom has a full valence shell of 8 electrons
Valence
The number of chemical bonds an element is capable of forming
Valence electrons
An electron that is found in the outer most shell of an atom
Ionic bond
The transfer of 1 or more electrons between atoms
Ionization energy
Removing an electron from an atom or ion
Chemical properties
Identified by a chemical change
Nucleus
The center of an atom
Orbit
The fixed path on which electrons moves or revolves around the atoms nucleus
How are covalent compounds created
They are created by 2 non metals (anions) sharing electrons
What happens to electrons of each element when ionic bonds are created
The metal loses electrons to become a cation and the non metal gains the electrons to become an anion
What happens to electrons of each element when covalent bonds are created
The electrons go to the nucleus of both atoms and both elements share the electrons
Mono
1
Di
2
Tri
3
Tetra
4
Penta
5
Hexa
6
Hepta
7
Octa
8
Nona
9
Deca
10
