Unit 1 test COPY

Question 1

A series of attempts by the U.S. Department of Justice to arrest and deport, or send out of the country, immigrants with extreme political opinions or who were suspected of supporting America’s enemies in World War I. A. Mitchell Palmer was the U.S. attorney general.

Answer 1

Palmer Raids

Question 2

The widespread fear of communism that gripped the United States after World War I. The success of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, along with accusations of violence committed by American communists, led U.S. authorities to investigate, search, and arrest thousands of suspected communists.

Answer 2

First Red Scare

Question 3

The violent conflicts that took place during the summer of 1919 in over 30 American cities between blacks and whites. Most of these riots involved attacks on African Americans by whites, including white police officers and soldiers. During the conflicts, over 50 African Americans were killed, and hundreds more were injured.

Answer 3

Red Summer

Question 4

The trial of two Italian immigrants who were convicted of murder and eventually executed, or put to death. They were members of an anarchist group, or a group of people who do not believe in government. Many people felt that the trials were not fair.

Answer 4

Sacco and Vanzetti trial

Question 5

Also known as the Monkey Trial. Teacher John Scopes was charged with teaching the theory of evolution. Teaching this theory was against the law in Tennessee. He was convicted.

Answer 5

Scopes Trial

Question 6

The secret leasing, or renting, of oil-rich government land to certain oil companies. The government official who was responsible, Interior Secretary Albert B. Fall, was convicted for taking money in return for making these leases.

Answer 6

Teapot Dome Scandal

Question 7

The protest organized by World War I veterans who were demanding payment of the service bonus they had been promised after the war.

Answer 7

Bonus Army March

Question 8

A series of radio speeches given by President Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1933 to 1944. He used the radio to speak directly to the American people about issues affecting the country.

Answer 8

Fireside Chats

Question 9

Groups organized by the Communist Party of America during the Great Depression. They were made up of people who had lost their jobs and had no money. They pushed for more help from their landlords and from government agencies.

Answer 9

Unemployed councils

Question 10

A foreign policy designed to avoid armed conflict. The term is most often applied to British leader Neville Chamberlain, who used appeasement to try to avoid war with Germany before World War II.

Answer 10

Appeasement

Question 11

A 1941 agreement between Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill, the leaders of the United States and Great Britain, which stated that they believed the world should be more democratic after World War II.

Answer 11

Atlantic Charter

Question 12

A 1942 battle on the Pacific island of Guadalcanal. It was the first major battle between Japan and the Allied forces. It was an Allied victory and led to more victories over Japan in the Pacific.

Answer 12

Battle of Guadalcanal

Question 13

The battle fought between the United States and Japan for the Pacific island of Iwo Jima in February and March 1945. The United States won this battle.

Answer 13

Battle of Iwo Jima

Question 14

A World War II naval battle between the United States and Japan that is sometimes referred to as the Second Battle for the Philippines. It was fought in late October 1944 near the Philippine Islands and was the largest naval battle of World War II. The Allies won this battle, which helped lead to the defeat of Japan.

Answer 14

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Question 15

An important naval battle in the Pacific Ocean in June 1942. The U.S. Navy defeated the Japanese navy, which never fully recovered from the battle.

Answer 15

Battle of Midway

Question 16

A major German attack against Allied forces in Belgium in December 1944 and January 1945. More than 19,000 Americans were killed, making this the bloodiest battle for American troops in World War II.

Answer 16

Battle of the Bulge

Question 17

The term used to describe the murder of 6 million Jews by the Nazi government of Germany during World War II. The German goal was to rid the world of all Jews. At the same time, the Germans murdered millions of other people. The total number of Holocaust deaths is between 11 and 17 million people.

Answer 17

Holocaust

Question 18

An area where Japanese Americans were forced to live during World War II. Because the United States was at war with Japan, these people were thought to be a danger to the United States. They were kept in these camps, under guard, until 1945. In 1988, the U.S. government apologized for these actions and paid money to the former prisoners.

Answer 18

Internment Camps

Question 19

A plan by the United States armed forces to use islands in the Pacific Ocean as places where planes and ships could get fuel and other supplies to help in the fighting against Japan during World War II.

Answer 19

Island Hopping

Question 20

German for “crystal night,” also known as the Night of the Broken Glass. This was an attack on Jewish property and people in Germany and Austria on November 9, 1938. Thousands of homes, businesses, and synagogues were destroyed. Nearly 100 people were killed, and up to 30,000 people were sent to concentration camps.

Answer 20

Kristallnacht

Question 21

A secret military project led by the United States. This project produced the atomic bomb.

Answer 21

Manhattan Project

Question 22

A march that was scheduled to take place on July 1, 1941. Organized by A. Philip Randolph, the march was intended to protest against segregation in the military. The march was canceled when Franklin Roosevelt signed an executive order to stop discrimination in the defense industry.

Answer 22

March on Washington

Question 23

A September 1938 meeting involving the leaders of Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy. The meeting was called in response to Adolf Hitler’s demands to annex, or take over, the Sudetenland, a German-speaking region in Czechoslovakia. The meeting ended with the Munich Agreement, which allowed Germany to annex the region.

Answer 23

Munich Conference

Question 24

A German political party established in 1919 and led by Adolf Hitler between 1921 and 1945. The Nazis believed that Germans belonged to a superior Aryan race, and tried to unite Europe’s German-speaking people into a Fascist empire. The Nazis tried to remove Jews and other minorities from German society by placing them in concentration camps, where millions died in what became known as the Holocaust.

Answer 24

Nazi Party

Question 25

A series of military trials held by Allied forces after World War II. Military, political, and economic leaders of Nazi Germany were tried for war crimes.

Answer 25

Nuremberg Trials

Question 26

The code name given to the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. The plan was unsuccessful, as German forces were not able to gain control of Moscow, the Soviet capital.

Answer 26

Operation Barbarossa

Question 27

The code name for the plan to invade, or attack, German-held territory in France. Allied forces crossed the English Channel and attacked the Germans on the French coast at Normandy. The attack took place on June 6, 1944, and is known as D-Day.

Answer 27

Operation Overlord

Question 28

The code name for an Allied plan to invade, or attack, German-held territory in French North Africa. The attack started November 8, 1942.

Answer 28

Operation Torch

Question 29

The location of the surprise attack by Japanese war planes on December 7, 1941, targeting the U.S. naval base in Hawaii. Eight battleships were sunk or damaged, other ships and aircraft were destroyed, and more than 3,600 people were killed or wounded. The Japanese intended for the attack to make the U.S. Navy too weak to enter World War II; instead, it quickly brought the United States into the war in the Pacific and in Europe.

Answer 29

Pearl Harbor

Question 30

A meeting held in the summer of 1945 between the leaders of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union to decide on the punishment for Germany after its defeat in World War II.

Answer 30

Potsdam Conference

Question 31

The statement made from the Potsdam conference in 1945 calling for the surrender of Japan to end World War II. Japan did not surrender, and U.S. planes dropped atomic bombs on two Japanese cities.

Answer 31

Potsdam Declaration

Question 32

A 1945 wartime meeting between the leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain, the three main Allied countries in World War II. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss how Europe, especially Germany, should be organized after the war was over.

Answer 32

Yalta Conference