Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP U.S. Government Pav > Unit 1 test > Flashcards

Unit 1 test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. Government flashcards U.S. Government Basics flashcards American Government 101 flashcards
1
Q

What happened to real estate it 2009 and why?

A

Mortgage rates rose while the houses lost value. This happened because finance companies aggressively sold subprime ARMs at low introductory rate to people unable to repay the loans when the rates reset. The US mortgage market collapses and huge financial losses were experienced worldwide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is government?

A

The legitimate use of force to control human behavior. Also, the organization or agency authorized to exercise that force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is national sovereignty?

A

A political entity’s externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the purpose of the League of nation/United nations? How did the approach sovereignty?

A

Introduce supranational order to the world. The explicitly respected national sovereignty as the guiding principle of international relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does globalization effect international relations?

A

It threatens national sovereignty and creates pressure for international law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is globalization?

A

The increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What factors do scholars use to measure globalization across different nations?

A

various indicators of personal contact across national borders, international financial transactions, and use of international communication through technology. this ended up being divided in 4 categories

  1. economic integration
  2. Personal contact
  3. Technological connectivity
  4. Political engagement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 4 characteristics do all governments share? What is legitimacy?

A

A legitimate government is a government where citizens accept control by the government. They all share

  1. citizenship
  2. territory
  3. public policy
  4. Sovereignty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 2 characteristics do all laws have? What is public policy?

A
  1. They are created to solve a problem
  2. They are enforcable

Public policy is a national goal created by a leader

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the force theory of government?

A

The strongest person rules society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the divine right theory?

A

God has given someone the right to rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the social contract theory?

A

A contract is made between gov and its people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 natural rights?

A

Right to live in pursuit of happiness, liberty and own property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

According to Hobbes and Locke, what is the duty of government?

A

Hobbes: Government should keep law and order

Locke: Government should be formed to protect life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What major value do Hobbes and Locke emphasize?

A

Hobbes: Complete obedience to ruler is a small price to pay for living in a civil society

Locke: Life, liberty and pursuit of happiness are unalienable rights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do Hobbes and Locke feel about an oppressive government?

A

Hobbes: An oppressive gov. is better than no gov.

Locke: No gov. is better than an oppressive gov.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When does Locke believe people should rebel against the government?

A

People’s unalienable right are being impeded on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What 4 functions do all government perform? What are some examples and their controversies?

A
  1. Public Safety(military protection) freedom vs safety
  2. Social Order(dress codes) order infringing on freedom
  3. Social Standards(drinking age) what is acceptable and not acceptable?
  4. Public services(public transportation) What should federal provide and what should states provide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is general welfare?

A

Taking from the rich and giving to the poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is socialism? How much control over the economy does a socialist government have?

A

A form of rule in which the central government plays a strong role in regulating existing private industry and directing the economy, although it does allow some ownership and private capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is capitalism? How much control over the government does a capitalist society have?

A

The system of government that favors free enterprise(private business operating without government regulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is laissez-faire and how much control does a laissez-faire government have over the economy?

A

An economic doctrine that opposes any form of government intervention in business

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is communism? How much control does a communist government have over its economy?

A

A political system in which, in theory, ownership of all land and productive facilities are in the hands of the people and all goods are equally shared. The production and distribution of goods are controlled by an authoritarian government, so it has total control over the economy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the subtypes of order?

A

Social Order: Established patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior

Order: Preserving life and protecting property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the subtypes of freedom?

A

Freedom of: An absence of constraints on behavior

Freedom from: Immunity from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the subtypes of equality?

A

Political equality: Equality in political decision making. One vote per person, all votes counted equally

Social equality: Equality in wealth, education and status

Equality of opportunity: The idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life

Equality of outcome: The concept that society mist ensure that people are equal, and governments must design policies to redistribute wealth and status so that economic and social equality is achieved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How can freedom clash with order in laws and government policies? What are some examples?

A

Freedom and order clash because order is kept by the government using legitimate force to control human behavior. An example is whether to allow people to watch controversial videos on the internet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What values do libertarians prioritize? What type of government action do they oppose?

A

Libertarians prioritize freedom all around. They oppose government actions that interfere with the market and government actions that restrict individual liberties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What values do liberals prioritize? What type of government action do they oppose?

A

They prioritize freedom and equality. They oppose government actions that restrict individual liberties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What values do communitarians prioritize? What government actions do they oppose?

A

Communitarians prioritize Order and Equality. They dont oppose government actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What values do conservatives prioritize? What government actions do they oppose?

A

They prioritize order and freedom. They oppose government activities that interfere with markets.

32
Q

Who created democracy, what does the word mean and how did greek philosophers feel about it?

A

The greeks created democracy. Demos refers to the common people and Kratos means power. The greeks were afraid of democracy

33
Q

What does the procedural democratic theory emphasize? What are its 4 principles?

A

The procedural democratic theory emphasizes democracy as being embodied in a decision-making process that involves universal participation, political equality, majority rule and responsiveness.
The principles are
1. Universal participation
2. Political equality
3. Majority rule
4. Government responsiveness to public opinion

34
Q

What is a problem with the procedural democratic theory?

A

There is nothing to limit the people from being unconstitutional. Allows majority group to trample on minority group

35
Q

What is plurality rule? In what type of elections does it usually occur?

A

Plurality rule occurs when there are more than 2 alternatives to a situation and none of them receive a simple majority. Whatever he most participants want is what gets chosen

36
Q

What does the substantive democratic theory emphasize and what are its principles?

A

The substantive theory emphasizes what government does, democracy is a “forcefield” that protects your rights. It’s principle are that certain principles and rights cannot be overruled by the government and that civil liberties and rights are important

37
Q

What are civil rights and civil liberties? How are they different and what is an example of each?

A

Civil rights: Powers or privileges guaranteed to individuals and protected from arbitrary removal at the hands of government or individuals(right to vote, right to a jury trial)

Civil liberties: Freedoms guaranteed to individuals(freedom of speech, religion)

Civil liberties define what the gov. cannot do, civil rights define what the gov. must do

38
Q

What does the majoritarian model of democracy emphasize?

A

Mechanisms that allow direct participation

39
Q

What problems occur with the majoritarian model?

A
  1. It assumes the people know what’s going on, most citizens are not well informed
  2. The public lacks enough interest to reliably participate
40
Q

According to Hobbes and Locke, why did people want to form government?

A

Hobbes: Believed people were, wicked, cruel and selfish and would act on behalf of their best interests.

Locke: Believed people were by nature good and could learn from their experiences

41
Q

What is the general welfare?

A

The public good

42
Q

How do the procedural democratic theory and substantive democratic theory define general welfare?

A

Procedural democratic: Whatever outcome the democratic process yields

Substantive: Only achieved when government protects the rights of all

43
Q

What problems come with the substantive democratic theory?

A
  • There si no clear criteria to determine if decisions are democratically reached
  • Disagreement over what is included under the idea of “basic rights”
  • Constrains and limits the action of the majority
44
Q

What are the components of the majoritarian model?

A
  1. Referendum: Citizens vote to determine if an existing law should stay in effect
  2. Initiative: Citizens directly propose laws and vote on them
  3. Recall: Citizens vote to remove and elected official before their term in office has ended
45
Q

How does the Majoritarian model approach general welfare?

A

General welfare is determined by the majority

46
Q

What does pluralism emphasize?

A

Responsiveness to organized groups of citizens

47
Q

What are the components of pluralism?

A
  1. Interest groups
  2. A decentralized power structure that provides many access points to government
  3. Divided government authority(separation of powers)
48
Q

What problems occur with pluralism?

A
  1. Actions of the majority are limited
  2. It may allow minorities to rule
  3. Requires many strong and equally funded trust groups
49
Q

How does pluralism approach general welfare?

A

Determined by compromise between interest groups

50
Q

What does elitism emphasize?

A

Government is actually run by a wealthy and influential corporate minority

51
Q

What are the components of elitism?

A

Elites control finance, communications, industry, and governmental institutions

52
Q

What problems occur with elitism?

A
  1. It is inaccurate, as studies show that elites do not always get their way
  2. Elections still give average citizens a say
53
Q

How does elitism approach general welfare?

A

Determined by an elite minority

54
Q

What is an interest group? Who do they represent?

A

An organized group of individuals that seeks to influence public policy; also called a lobby. They represent large groups of people with the same interest

55
Q

Does the USA better reflect majoritarian or pluralism values? why?

A

America is more pluralist the majoritarian. The sharp divide of political parties and the combination of interest groups makes America more pluralist

56
Q

What is democratization? Where is it occurring and what obstacles occur that make it difficult?

A

Democratization is a process of transition as a country attempts to move from an authoritarian form of government to a democratic one. Ethnic and religious conflict, instability and opposing rulers are obstacles to this process

57
Q

What is order?

A

Established ways of social behavior. Maintaining order is the oldest purpose of government

58
Q

What is liberalism?

A

The belief that states should leave individuals free to follow their individual pursuits.(different meaning from the word liberal)

59
Q

What is police power?

A

The authority of government to maintain order and safeguard citizens’ health, morals, safety and welfare

60
Q

What totalitarianism?

A

A political philosophy the advocates unlimited power for he government to enable it to control all sectors of society

61
Q

What is democratic socialism?

A

A socialist form of government that guarantees civil liberties such as freedom of speech and religion. Citizens determine the extent of government activity through free elections and competitive social parties

62
Q

Why did the U.S. government unsign a treaty to create an international criminal court?

A
  1. Stationed US soldiers might be arrested and tried in that court
  2. The US death penalty might abolished
63
Q

How does Hobbes describe life without government?

A

A state of nature: solitary, brutish, poor, nasty and short

64
Q

What did Hobbes call his ideal form of government and why?

A

Leviathan, after a biblical sea monster

65
Q

What famous document did Locke write and which famous document did he influence and how?

A

He wrote “Two treatises on government”, and influenced the declaration of independence by identifying “life, liberty and pursuit of happiness” as “unalienable rights”

66
Q

Which political belief can be linked to Locke?

A

liberalism

67
Q

Which political system did Karl Marx believe? How was his belief different from Locke’s?

A

He believed in communism. He didnt believe that protection of private property is a valid objective of the government like Locke did

68
Q

What are the purposes of government from most to least controversial?

A

Promoting equality, maintaining order, providing public goods

69
Q

What is political equality?

A

each citizen has one and only one vote

70
Q

What are the two routes to providing social equality?

A

Equality of opportunity and equality of outcome

71
Q

What is the old and modern dilemma of government?

A

Old: Freedom vs Order
New: Freedom vs Equality

72
Q

What is an autocracy?

A

a system of government in which the power to govern is in the hands of one individual

73
Q

How do farming subsidies represent pluralism?

A

A minority group keeps the system going even though everyone wants it gone

74
Q

What does demagouge mean?

A

A term for a politician who appeals to and often deceives the masses by manipulating their emotions and prejudices

75
Q

What type of societies typically use participatory democracies

A

Small and simple towns/societies

76
Q

How has China transformed economically over the years?

A

They have transformed from a rigidly run communist country with a government controlled economy and no political freedom to an economy built around a private sector and market forces. Having a market economy has made China more free and has allowed groups to speak out

AP U.S. Government Pav (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions