Unit 1 Test Flashcards
Temporal Lobe
Hearing and Meaningful Speech
Parietal Lobe
5 Senses- touch, pressure, temperature, and pain
Occipital Lobe
Visual
Frontal Lobe
Cognition, Memory, Expressive Language
Cerebellum
Balance and Coordination
Broncas Area
In FRONTAL LOBE- Determines the need for movement and vocalization
Medulla
Controls vital autonomic functions (heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure)
Plasticity
Brains ability to change structure and function of many cells in the brain due to experiences, learning, trauma.
Wernicke’s Area
In TEMPORAL LOBE- Meaningful Speech Portion
Hippocampus
Organization/Storage of memories and connection certain smells/sensations to these memories
Memory based- hungry hungry hippos- they are gathering memories and storing it
Hypothalamus
Responsible for controlling hunger, thirst, emotions, body temperature regulation, and circadian rhythms
Spinal Reflex Arc
A spinal reflex arc is a fast reaction to something, like pulling your hand away from a hot stove. It works without your brain thinking about it; the signal goes to your spinal cord and back to your muscles really quickly to protect you.
Amygdala
Processing emotion and survival responses
fight/flight/freeze response.
Aggression and fear influence.
Alcohol
-Depressant
Any beverage containing ETHYL alcohol including beer, wine, and liquor
-Binds to the neurotransmitter GABA to relax the drinker
Antagonist
Blocks receptor Sites
So natural agonists within the body cannot bind or block reuptake of neurotransmitters by certain neurons
Agonist
Drug that binds to receptors in the brain and activate the receptors
Cocaine
-Stimulant
The most powerful natural stimulant now known
Stimulates the higher centers of the central nervous system, making users feel excited, energetic, talkative and even euphoric.
Opiate
Opioids depress the central nervous system, particularly the centers that help control emotion
The drugs attach to brain receptor sites that ordinarily receive endorphins (neurotransmitters that help relieve pain
Withdrawal
The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of an addictive drug
Parasympathetic Nervous System
“Bring you back down”
Functions to calm the person “Rest & Digest”
Reduces body arousal, energy, decreases blood sugar, increases blood flow to the digestive organs, decreases heart rate
Autonomic Nervous System
Regulates involuntary and unconscious actions
Breathing, blood pumping through veins, digestion, heartbeat, work of other internal organs, blinking
Central Nervous System
This coordinates the actions and interactions of the brain and spinal cord which is your body’s main control center.
-largest part of the nervous system
-the spinal cord is the information highway and connects the PNS to the brain
Somatic Nervous System
Transmit signals from your brain to the skeletal muscles to allow VOLUNTARY movement
-Responsible for carrying sensory and motor information to and from the central nervous system
Acetylcholine
Chemical Messenger in the body
It’s a neurotransmitter that helps transmit signals between nerve cells. It plays a key role in various functions, including muscle movement, memory, and attention. Essentially, it helps your brain and body communicate effectively.
GABA
Neurotransmitter in the brain. Its main role is to inhibit or calm down nerve activity. This helps regulate anxiety, mood, and stress, promoting relaxation and a sense of well-being. Think of it as a natural brake system for your brain!
Serotonin
Serotonin is a chemical in the brain that helps regulate mood, sleep, and appetite. It’s often called the “feel-good” neurotransmitter because higher levels are associated with feeling happy and calm. It plays a big role in your overall emotional well-being!
Melatonin
Melatonin is a hormone that helps control your sleep-wake cycle. It signals to your body when it’s time to sleep, usually when it gets dark outside. Think of it as your body’s natural sleep helper!
Refractory Period
The refractory period is the time after an event during which a cell or body part can’t respond to another stimulus.
EX: After a muscle contracts, it needs a brief period to recover before it can contract again. This ensures that muscles can rest and avoid fatigue during repeated use.
All or Nothing Principal
The all-or-nothing principle means that when a neuron gets enough signal, it will fire completely, or not at all. There’s no halfway—it’s either a full signal or nothing!
Resting Potential
Resting potential is the state of a neuron when it’s not active. It has a slight negative charge inside compared to the outside, like a battery waiting to be used. This setup allows it to send signals when needed.
Reuptake
Reuptake is the process where a neuron takes back chemicals (neurotransmitters) it has released. This helps to clear the signal and recycle the chemicals for future use, like cleaning up after a party!
Sleep Apnea
“Stop Breathing”: Chronic medical condition where the affected person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep.
These episodes last 10 seconds or more and cause oxygen levels in the blood to drop or awakenings from sleep
Sleep/wake cycle - Circadian Rhythm
An out-of-sync sleep/wake cycle
The sleep/wake cycle, or circadian rhythm, is the body’s natural 24-hour clock that regulates when you feel awake and when you feel sleepy. It’s influenced by light and darkness, helping you stay in sync with day and night. This rhythm affects sleep patterns, energy levels, and other bodily functions.
REM Paralysis
“Waking Nightmare”: The presence or persistence of features of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during the transition into or out of sleep
Narcolepsy
“Sleep Attack”: Sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning
Narcolepsy is a genetic disorder, usually a trigger is an intense emotion
Nature
INHERITED characteristics
All of the genes and hereditary factors that influence who we are—from our physical appearance to our personality characteristic
HEREDITARY
Nurture
Environmental factors that impact who we are.
-childhood experiences
-peer pressure
-social relationships
ENVIRONMENT
Eyeball - Cones. Rods, Retina,
CONES: Function in bright light.
Allow us to see colors.
Provide sharp, detailed vision
RODS: Function in low light (night vision).
Do not detect color, only shades of gray.
Provide peripheral and motion detection.
Ear - Pitch of the sound, Absolute threshold, Frequency of the sound wave,
Highness or lowness of sound, minimum intensity of a sound that a person can hear, number of waves that pass a point in one second
Sensory Adaptation
Sensory adaptation is when your senses get used to something and stop noticing it as much. For example, if you smell something strong, you might notice it at first, but after a while, you don’t smell it anymore. It helps you focus on new things instead of constant ones.
Absolute threshold
Absolute threshold is the quietest sound or faintest light that you can notice half the time. It shows how sensitive your senses are.
Opponent-process theory
Opponent-process theory says we see colors in pairs that cancel each other out. For example, red and green are opposites. If you look at one color for a long time and then look away, you might see the opposite color as an afterimage.
Mean
average set of numbers, add them all up then divide by how many numbers there are
Median
middle of the numbers- order them in least to greatest
If there’s an even number, you take the two middle numbers, add them together, and divide by 2.
Mode
frequent number- multiple 2s in a set, etc..
there can be no mode
Cerebral Cortex
“Gray Matter”
Distinctly human traits including higher thought, language, and human consciousness as well as the ability to think, reason and imagine all originate in the cerebral cortex.
NOTE FOR ME
Hello! After Understanding all these definitions, go look at given slides and go through the multiple choice scenarios to fully understand the terms in a situation sense!
