Unit 1 Test

Question 1

Temporal Lobe

Answer 1

Hearing and Meaningful Speech

Question 2

Parietal Lobe

Answer 2

5 Senses- touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

Question 3

Occipital Lobe

Answer 3

Visual

Question 4

Frontal Lobe

Answer 4

Cognition, Memory, Expressive Language

Question 5

Cerebellum

Answer 5

Balance and Coordination

Question 6

Broncas Area

Answer 6

In FRONTAL LOBE- Determines the need for movement and vocalization

Question 7

Medulla

Answer 7

Controls vital autonomic functions (heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure)

Question 8

Plasticity

Answer 8

Brains ability to change structure and function of many cells in the brain due to experiences, learning, trauma.

Question 9

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 9

In TEMPORAL LOBE- Meaningful Speech Portion

Question 10

Hippocampus

Answer 10

Organization/Storage of memories and connection certain smells/sensations to these memories

Memory based- hungry hungry hippos- they are gathering memories and storing it

Question 11

Hypothalamus

Answer 11

Responsible for controlling hunger, thirst, emotions, body temperature regulation, and circadian rhythms

Question 12

Spinal Reflex Arc

Answer 12

A spinal reflex arc is a fast reaction to something, like pulling your hand away from a hot stove. It works without your brain thinking about it; the signal goes to your spinal cord and back to your muscles really quickly to protect you.

Question 13

Amygdala

Answer 13

Processing emotion and survival responses
fight/flight/freeze response.
Aggression and fear influence.

Question 14

Alcohol

Answer 14

-Depressant
Any beverage containing ETHYL alcohol including beer, wine, and liquor
-Binds to the neurotransmitter GABA to relax the drinker

Question 15

Antagonist

Answer 15

Blocks receptor Sites
So natural agonists within the body cannot bind or block reuptake of neurotransmitters by certain neurons

Question 16

Agonist

Answer 16

Drug that binds to receptors in the brain and activate the receptors

Question 17

Cocaine

Answer 17

-Stimulant
The most powerful natural stimulant now known
Stimulates the higher centers of the central nervous system, making users feel excited, energetic, talkative and even euphoric.

Question 18

Opiate

Answer 18

Opioids depress the central nervous system, particularly the centers that help control emotion

The drugs attach to brain receptor sites that ordinarily receive endorphins (neurotransmitters that help relieve pain

Question 19

Withdrawal

Answer 19

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of an addictive drug

Question 20

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 20

“Bring you back down”
Functions to calm the person “Rest & Digest”
Reduces body arousal, energy, decreases blood sugar, increases blood flow to the digestive organs, decreases heart rate

Question 21

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 21

Regulates involuntary and unconscious actions

Breathing, blood pumping through veins, digestion, heartbeat, work of other internal organs, blinking

Question 22

Central Nervous System

Answer 22

This coordinates the actions and interactions of the brain and spinal cord which is your body’s main control center.

-largest part of the nervous system
-the spinal cord is the information highway and connects the PNS to the brain

Question 23

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 23

Transmit signals from your brain to the skeletal muscles to allow VOLUNTARY movement
-Responsible for carrying sensory and motor information to and from the central nervous system

Question 24

Acetylcholine

Answer 24

Chemical Messenger in the body
It’s a neurotransmitter that helps transmit signals between nerve cells. It plays a key role in various functions, including muscle movement, memory, and attention. Essentially, it helps your brain and body communicate effectively.

Question 25

GABA

Answer 25

Neurotransmitter in the brain. Its main role is to inhibit or calm down nerve activity. This helps regulate anxiety, mood, and stress, promoting relaxation and a sense of well-being. Think of it as a natural brake system for your brain!

Question 26

Serotonin

Answer 26

Serotonin is a chemical in the brain that helps regulate mood, sleep, and appetite. It’s often called the “feel-good” neurotransmitter because higher levels are associated with feeling happy and calm. It plays a big role in your overall emotional well-being!

Question 27

Melatonin

Answer 27

Melatonin is a hormone that helps control your sleep-wake cycle. It signals to your body when it’s time to sleep, usually when it gets dark outside. Think of it as your body’s natural sleep helper!

Question 28

Refractory Period

Answer 28

The refractory period is the time after an event during which a cell or body part can’t respond to another stimulus.
EX: After a muscle contracts, it needs a brief period to recover before it can contract again. This ensures that muscles can rest and avoid fatigue during repeated use.

Question 29

All or Nothing Principal

Answer 29

The all-or-nothing principle means that when a neuron gets enough signal, it will fire completely, or not at all. There’s no halfway—it’s either a full signal or nothing!

Question 30

Resting Potential

Answer 30

Resting potential is the state of a neuron when it’s not active. It has a slight negative charge inside compared to the outside, like a battery waiting to be used. This setup allows it to send signals when needed.

Question 31

Reuptake

Answer 31

Reuptake is the process where a neuron takes back chemicals (neurotransmitters) it has released. This helps to clear the signal and recycle the chemicals for future use, like cleaning up after a party!

Question 32

Sleep Apnea

Answer 32

“Stop Breathing”: Chronic medical condition where the affected person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep.
These episodes last 10 seconds or more and cause oxygen levels in the blood to drop or awakenings from sleep

Question 33

Sleep/wake cycle - Circadian Rhythm

Answer 33

An out-of-sync sleep/wake cycle
The sleep/wake cycle, or circadian rhythm, is the body’s natural 24-hour clock that regulates when you feel awake and when you feel sleepy. It’s influenced by light and darkness, helping you stay in sync with day and night. This rhythm affects sleep patterns, energy levels, and other bodily functions.

Question 34

REM Paralysis

Answer 34

“Waking Nightmare”: The presence or persistence of features of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during the transition into or out of sleep

Question 35

Narcolepsy

Answer 35

“Sleep Attack”: Sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning

Narcolepsy is a genetic disorder, usually a trigger is an intense emotion

Question 36

Nature

Answer 36

INHERITED characteristics
All of the genes and hereditary factors that influence who we are—from our physical appearance to our personality characteristic

HEREDITARY

Question 37

Nurture

Answer 37

Environmental factors that impact who we are.
-childhood experiences
-peer pressure
-social relationships

ENVIRONMENT

Question 38

Eyeball - Cones. Rods, Retina,

Answer 38

CONES: Function in bright light.
Allow us to see colors.
Provide sharp, detailed vision

RODS: Function in low light (night vision).
Do not detect color, only shades of gray.
Provide peripheral and motion detection.

Question 39

Ear - Pitch of the sound, Absolute threshold, Frequency of the sound wave,

Answer 39

Highness or lowness of sound, minimum intensity of a sound that a person can hear, number of waves that pass a point in one second

Question 40

Sensory Adaptation

Answer 40

Sensory adaptation is when your senses get used to something and stop noticing it as much. For example, if you smell something strong, you might notice it at first, but after a while, you don’t smell it anymore. It helps you focus on new things instead of constant ones.

Question 41

Absolute threshold

Answer 41

Absolute threshold is the quietest sound or faintest light that you can notice half the time. It shows how sensitive your senses are.

Question 42

Opponent-process theory

Answer 42

Opponent-process theory says we see colors in pairs that cancel each other out. For example, red and green are opposites. If you look at one color for a long time and then look away, you might see the opposite color as an afterimage.

Question 43

Mean

Answer 43

average set of numbers, add them all up then divide by how many numbers there are

Question 44

Median

Answer 44

middle of the numbers- order them in least to greatest
If there’s an even number, you take the two middle numbers, add them together, and divide by 2.

Question 45

Mode

Answer 45

frequent number- multiple 2s in a set, etc..
there can be no mode

Question 46

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 46

“Gray Matter”
Distinctly human traits including higher thought, language, and human consciousness as well as the ability to think, reason and imagine all originate in the cerebral cortex.

Question 47

NOTE FOR ME

Answer 47

Hello! After Understanding all these definitions, go look at given slides and go through the multiple choice scenarios to fully understand the terms in a situation sense!