Unit 1: Structure Of DNA Flashcards
Eukaryote
A cell which has a discrete nucleus and has linear chromosomes wrapped in proteins.
Plasmid
A DNA molecule found in prokaryotic cells carrying genetic information.
Mitochondria
An organelle that is present in the cells of eukaryotes. Responsible for respiration and carries small circular chromosomes.
Chloroplast
An organelle that is present in green plant cells. Responsible for photosynthesis and carries small circular chromosomes.
Base Pairs
Adenine pairs with Thymine and Guanine pairs with Cytosine.
Nucleotide
A repeating unit of DNA containing a deoxyribose sugar joined to a phosphate group and a base.
Sugar-Phosphate Backbone
The deoxyribose sugar and the phosphate of each nucleotide are joined together by a strongly bonded strand of DNA.
Deoxyribose
The sugar group present in DNA.
Hydrogen Bond
The weak bond formed between the complementary bases on the parallel strands of DNA.
Anti-Parallel Strands
Two strands of DNA that run in opposite directions.
Bases
The general name for the 4 nitrogenous organic molecules which determine the DNA sequence.
Chromosome
The structure that contains the genetic material of an organism encoded into DNA.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid; a molecule that holds the genetic code in living organisms.
Double Helix
The three-dimensional shape of a DNA molecule.
Protein
A large molecule made up from a chain of amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds.
