Unit 1: Control Of Gene Expression

Question 1

Anticodon

Answer 1

A sequence of three bases on a tRNA molecule which specifies the particular amino acid.

Question 2

Codon

Answer 2

A sequence of three bases on a mRNA which codes for an amino acid.

Question 3

Exons

Answer 3

The fragments of coding mRNA which join together to form the mature transcript.

Question 4

Introns

Answer 4

The non-coding section of RNA that is removed to crest the mature RNA transcript.

Question 5

Gene Expression

Answer 5

Transcription and Translation

Question 6

Mature Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 6

This carries a copy of the DNA code to the ribosomes.

Question 7

Molecular Interactions

Answer 7

The various chemical links that join amino acids and give protein molecules their shape.

Question 8

Peptide Bonds

Answer 8

The bond that joins two amino acids together.

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

The physical characteristics of an organism.

Question 10

Polypeptide

Answer 10

A chain of amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds.

Question 11

Post-translational Modification

Answer 11

The changes that are made to a polypeptide following translation.

Question 12

Primary Transcript

Answer 12

The molecule that is made when DNA is transcribed.

Question 13

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 13

The type of RNA that makes up ribosomes.

Question 14

Ribosome

Answer 14

The site of protein synthesis where translation occurs.

Question 15

RNA

Answer 15

Ribonucleic acid, which occurs in several forms in cells.

Question 16

RNA Polymerase

Answer 16

The enzyme involved in the synthesis of primary transcripts from DNA.

Question 17

RNA Splicing

Answer 17

The joining of the exons following the removal of introns from a primary transcript.

Question 18

Transcription

Answer 18

The copying of a DNA sequence to make a primary transcript.

Question 19

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 19

The transfer of specific amino acids to the mRNA on the ribosomes.

Question 20

Translation

Answer 20

The synthesis of a polypeptide chain from a sequence of mRNA.

Question 21

Uracil

Answer 21

The RNA base that is not found in DNA, pairs with Adenine.

Question 22

Amino acid

Answer 22

The units that make up a polypeptide structure.

Question 23

Genotype

Answer 23

The genetic information that is contained within a cell.

Question 24

Three-dimensional Structure

Answer 24

The final overall shape that a protein takes based on how it is folded and how the polypeptide chains in it interact.

Question 25

Mature Transcript

Answer 25

The final RNA molecule ready for translation.

Question 26

Polyribosome

Answer 26

Many ribosomes that are attached to an mRNA molecule to carry out multiple translations of one mRNA.

Question 27

Ribose

Answer 27

The sugar molecule that is present on RNA.

Question 28

Start Codon

Answer 28

The codon that initiates translation from this point on.

Question 29

Stop Codon

Answer 29

The codon that terminates translation at this point and does not code for an amino acid.

Question 30

Attachment Site

Answer 30

The place on a tRNA strand where the correct amino acid is joined.

Question 31

Cleavage

Answer 31

Removing part of a polypeptide chain to create the active mature protein.

Question 32

Molecular Addition

Answer 32

Modification of the protein by another molecule such as a carbohydrate or phosphate group.

Question 33

Alternative RNA Splicing

Answer 33

More than one possible pathway to create different mRNA molecules from the original primary transcript.