Unit 1: Section C Phys Landscape (UK)

Question 1

Define cross - section

Answer 1

An imaginary slice through the landscape

Question 2

Define relief

Answer 2

Height of the land (and different landscape features made by changes in height)

Question 3

what is landscape like in the north of the UK?

Answer 3

More mountainous terrain, made up of resistant rocks (granite and slate)

Question 4

what is landscape like in the south of the UK?

Answer 4

lowlands, made with weaker rocks (clay and limestone)

Question 5

what causes wave formation?

Answer 5

friction of wind blowing over sea

Question 6

what wave types are there?

Answer 6

constructive and destructive

Question 7

characteristics of constructive waves?

Answer 7

• strong swash (brings sediment)
• weak backwash (takes little sediment)
• builds beach
• waves low & far apart

Question 8

characteristics of constructive waves?

Answer 8

• weak swash (brings little sediment)
• strong backwash (takes lots of sediment)
• waves steep & close

Question 9

define fetch

Answer 9

??????

Question 10

define weathering

Answer 10

weakening or decay of rock due to the action

Question 11

types of weathering

Answer 11

mechanical
chemical
biological

Question 12

what is mechanical weathering?

Answer 12

freeze-thaw (ice expands in cracks and melts repeatedly)

Question 13

what is chemical weathering?

Answer 13

carbonation - rainwater absorbs co2 => acidic => contact with alkali rocks (limestone)

Question 14

what is biological weathering?

Answer 14

plant roots widen cracks and animals burrow

Question 15

what is mass movement?

Answer 15

the downward movement of weathered material and rock due to gravity

Question 16

what types of mass movements are there?

Answer 16

• rockfall
• landslide
• mudflow
• rotation slip

Question 17

describe rockfall

Answer 17

rock brakes of cliff due to freeze thaw

Question 18

what is scree?

Answer 18

pieces of sediment that fall of the cliff face

Question 19

describe landfall

Answer 19

blocks of rocks sliding downhill

Question 20

describe mudflow

Answer 20

saturated soil and weak rock flows downhill

Question 21

what is the lobe of a mudflow?

Answer 21

the bottom rounded part of the mudflow (looks like a lobe)

Question 22

describe rotational slip

Answer 22

slump of saturated soil and weak rock along a curved surface

Question 23

what is coastal erosion?

Answer 23

weathering away of the coast

Question 24

what kind of coastal erosion processes are there?

Answer 24

• solution
• corrasion
• abrasion
• attrition
• hydraulic power

Question 25

describe solution

Answer 25

dissolving of soluble chemicals in rock

Question 26

describe corrasion

Answer 26

sea throws rock fragments at cliff (chips away)

Question 27

describe abrasion

Answer 27

sandpapering effect of pebbles grinding on rocky platform

Question 28

describe attrition

Answer 28

rock fragments knock against each other (rounds them)

Question 29

describe hydraulic power

Answer 29

power of waves on cliff

Question 30

how is sediment transported?

Answer 30

• solution
• suspension (carried in water)
• traction (large pebbles roll)
• saltation (hopping pebbles)

Question 31

what is longshore drift?

Answer 31

the movement of sediment along the coast