unit 1 sec b media booklet 2 theoretical explanations Flashcards
marxism
what do marxists say about the media.
The Media is part of the superstructure which is influenced and controlled by capitalism (the infrastructure)
marxism
how does milliband say the r/c control the media and what it does to society.
r/c use media to control society by creating a false picture of reality which shows capitalism in a positive way. Inequalities are presented as inevitable and justifiable and effective. ‘The new opium of people’
Media has replaced religion. Institutions act like opium.
marxism
what does bagdikian say about the concentration of media.
1983 50 corporations controlled majority of all news in media, by 2004 only 7. This leads to no variety in media, less balanced ideas.
marxism
what 2 reasons did doyle say ownership and patterns are important for.
1- all points of view need to be heard if society is to be truly democratic.2- abuses of power and influence by elites need to be monitored by free media.
He argues the concentration of media ownership is dangerous and unhealthy because the media has too much power. Ie breaking people careers and having a influence over people opinions
neo-marxism
what do neo-marxists say about the media.
Continued to look at the important role of the media in maintaining ruling class interests and hegemony (dominance).
neo-marxism
what did gilroy say about the media creations during 1970s.
black crime in the 1970s was a form of political resistance against the repressive, racist state. Media created a folk devil around black people which generated deviancy amplification.
trying to distract society of the problems they were rioting against.
neo-marxism
what does hall say about how blacks and asians were treated in the media.
white eye. Also blacks are subjected to being ridiculed, to neutralise threat ideas. This reflects unconscious racism- black and asians are seen as a source of social problems. This is shown in traditional hollywood films but also contemporary texts. This is all constructed by those who control the media and not societal dominant views.
neo-marxism
what do the glasgow media group say about imigration coverage in the media.
Conflation of forced and economic immigration.
Exaggerated number of immigrants coming into the UK.
Burden on welfare and job market.
Refugees and asylum-seekers are seen as a threat to the UK population.
Need for immigration control.
Benefits of immigration receiving limited media coverage.
Problems facing asylum seekers in the UK are portrayed minimally.
Westerners not held responsible for reasons of migrations (armed conflict overseas unmentioned)found that the sensationalised and inaccurate media presentations of different social groups, legitimise (and justify) political action which can have negative consequences on refugees, migrants and those from the lowest social classes.
pluralism
what do pluralists say about media
Pluralists claim that media representations are problematic because they reflect society and what people want to see.
pluralists
what does whale say about what we see in the media.
what we see in the press/news is determined by readers/audience
pluralists
why does williams say journalists are importtant and what is vital for democracy.
journalists are vital in a democratic society as they provide us with info which we can use in political and cultural life. Free press is vital for democracy to work as censorships can lead to bias
pluralists
why is fourth estate democracy seen as essential
follows government courts and church. In this group it is felt that access to info is seen as an essential in democracy as it allows people to make informed choices. Ie voting.
feminism
what do feminists think about the media
Traditionally patriarchal ideology (e.g. women seen in housewife roles) can be seen in media representations although
feminism
what key term did mulvey say when it came to male spectatorship.
male gaze. Characterise cinema as a instrument of male spectatorship. Rear window, vertigo.
feminism
what did wolf say women buy into
women are socialised to buy into the beauty myth. Women feel pressure to conform to this.
feminism
what did whelehan find in mens magazines.
they override the messages of feminism through ladish culture. FHM MAXIM LOADED.
feminism
what did mcrobbie find in magazines
generally magazines do have an impact on the identity of readers. Magazines show discourse of western enlightened values which promotes the ideal.
postmodernism
what do postmodernists think of the media
Postmodernists discuss diversity and choice in media images which people can pick and choose from.
postmodernism-globalistation
what did mcluhan say the media gives us.
global village. Globalisation has a direct impact on media. Provides people with more choice.
postmodernism- media saturation
what does strinati say media does for us and how it represents groups.
media saturation. Media plays big role for people constructing their identity. There is also no traditional representations of social groups
postmodernism - media saturation
why does baudrillard say people cant trust the media anymore.
media saturation has altered reality which has negative impacts on society. Makes it hard for people to tell what is real or fake. Leads to a hyper reality meaning our physical reality has become blended with our digital. Fake news.
