unit 1: scope and history of MCB Flashcards
what did Hieronymus Fracastorius do and what does epidemic mean
he published study on epidemic disease. epidemic means a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
“a flu epidemic”
who invented the first microscope
antony van leeuwenhoek
who produced the cowpox vaccine
edward jenner
who helped us by inventing chemical disinfectants in maternity wards
Semmelweis
who discovered the following :
-Fermentation and putrefaction are caused by micro-organisms
-boiling bandages and surgical instruments
-protected sheep against Anthrax by vaccination
-discovered pasteurization
louis Pasteur
modern aseptic surgical techniques are based on who’s work
joseph lister
who came up with basis of Gram stain & Ziehl-Neelsen stain and developed the first antibiotic
paul ehrlich
list 4 things Robert koch contributed to the field of MCB
- HE won a nobel price for work in TB
2.methods of isolating bacteria - Koch’s postulates
- invented agar
Fill in the blanks for koch’s postulates
1.The __ causing organism must always be __ in every __ of the disease.
- The organism must be isolated from the __ containing the disease and grown in __ __.
- Samples from the pure culture must cause the __ __ when inoculated into a __ in the laboratory.
- The organism must be __ from the inoculated animal and must be identified as the __ __ organism that was first isolated from the __ diseased host.
Check notes on your book.
State the 3rd Koch’s postulate
a sample of the organism from the pure culture must cause the same disease when inoculated into a healthy animal in the laboratory.
Which micro-orgamism does myochology represent
Fungus
Is bacteria unicellular or multicellular
Unicellular
Is bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and organelles while eukaryotes have a distinct nucleus and organelles
What is the difference between commensals, pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria
Commensals -normal helpful bacteria
Pathogenic- disease-causing bacteria
Opportunistic- cause disease under certain conditions
What is the similarity between protozoa and fungi and yeasts
They are both eukaryotic
Which micro organisms are helpful in food industry and help produce anti-biotics
Fungi and yeasts
Which micro organism can be carried by female mosquitoes
and cause malaria
Protozoa
Which 2 micro organisms are intracellular
Viruses and rickettsias
Viruses evolved from plasmids and bacteria, what are plasmids
Generic structure in the cells that replicate independently of chromosomes
Why do viruses have no autonomous metabolism
They have no ribosomes so they cannot carry out their own metabolism.
Which micro organism is carried as parasites by fleas
Rickettsias
What 4 important factors are considered when growing bacterial cultures
- Temperature (37degrees calcius)
- Moisture
3.atmospheric conditions (aerobic, anaerobic and facultative bacteria)
4.nutrients.
